Broke in the AFC, J League will occasion of the opening, Kashima Antlers have heard a very amusing scandal.
middle of this month, Kashima Antlers coach contract at the club five operations to Keisuke, for .
After a police investigation and the masses
report the morning of January 14 this year in Japan Naka abundance of food in the Malaysian city of the road, suddenly went up five to Keisuke comrades come face three high school girls, frightened of the female students When the mouth, he took off his pants street girls exposed to lower body ... ... a month later, police formally arrested him in flagrant indecency.
It is reported that five to Keisuke coach female nudity, in addition, his computer hard drive also taken possession of many of his own porn video. So far, there are users to be the coach for the dismissal, have statements,
club Kashima Antlers, according to sources, the club's contract to coach five Keisuke since 2007, has served as coach of Hitachi City, the post of primary school football team. The culprits for his club director of AIDS regret Ida said: now on, we will strive to regain the public, where people trust and support of our club.
Monday, February 28, 2011
Sunday, February 27, 2011
NDRC price instability may be accountable provincial government
(This article Source: China Youth Daily on: Wang Yijun Cui Li)
the same time, accelerate the establishment meet the conditions of our country's basic housing security system is an important part of the real estate market regulation, will strengthen the government's low-income families with housing security responsibilities, continue to do the basic housing support method of argumentation; of affordable housing around 2010, shantytowns, and the renovation of dilapidated buildings in rural areas to check the completion of the tasks of assessment, issued in 2011 an early break to start the construction of affordable housing and transform the various squatter settlements housing 10 million sets sub-regional planning, timely special subsidy funds allocated by the central government; accelerate the establishment of differentiated real estate land supply policy, ensure the implementation of the central government's affordable housing in shantytowns, housing and public rental housing construction sites, able to fulfill these three housing to the task and the proportion for the area of commercial housing construction should be stopped for the land; to supervise and guide financial institutions to support the protection of housing construction, pay close attention to the development in support of public rental housing construction and long-term lending.
report, since 2010, against the soaring prices in some cities, the State introduced a series of real estate market, regulatory policies, and achieved positive results, the next step to maintain the unity of the real estate policy , stability, persist in regulating both supply and demand, and guide the healthy development of the real estate market. Main tasks include: the provincial government housing security and stability in the work of assessment and accountability in housing prices, on the implementation of the policy in place, the work force may not be interviewed until accountability; strict implementation of good differentiation of real estate credit policies, conscientiously implement the differentiation of non-commercial banks, credit policies, an investigation has revealed serious treatment; the practical implementation of small and medium size apartment building plans and for planning, housing prices rose too fast to urge the city to increase the total supply of residential land; on Housing real estate development companies of idle land, illegal change of land use and nature of the delay in start time, the cover plate reluctant sellers and other illegal activities, increase the exposure and punishment.
Nineteenth Session of the NPC Standing Committee session of the Raised in the report, the National Development and Reform Commission jointly with relevant departments of the Sixteenth Meeting of the Eleventh National People's Congress comments and suggestions, the focus on protecting and improving people's livelihood has clearly put forward the views of further improvements.
the same time, accelerate the establishment meet the conditions of our country's basic housing security system is an important part of the real estate market regulation, will strengthen the government's low-income families with housing security responsibilities, continue to do the basic housing support method of argumentation; of affordable housing around 2010, shantytowns, and the renovation of dilapidated buildings in rural areas to check the completion of the tasks of assessment, issued in 2011 an early break to start the construction of affordable housing and transform the various squatter settlements housing 10 million sets sub-regional planning, timely special subsidy funds allocated by the central government; accelerate the establishment of differentiated real estate land supply policy, ensure the implementation of the central government's affordable housing in shantytowns, housing and public rental housing construction sites, able to fulfill these three housing to the task and the proportion for the area of commercial housing construction should be stopped for the land; to supervise and guide financial institutions to support the protection of housing construction, pay close attention to the development in support of public rental housing construction and long-term lending.
report, since 2010, against the soaring prices in some cities, the State introduced a series of real estate market, regulatory policies, and achieved positive results, the next step to maintain the unity of the real estate policy , stability, persist in regulating both supply and demand, and guide the healthy development of the real estate market. Main tasks include: the provincial government housing security and stability in the work of assessment and accountability in housing prices, on the implementation of the policy in place, the work force may not be interviewed until accountability; strict implementation of good differentiation of real estate credit policies, conscientiously implement the differentiation of non-commercial banks, credit policies, an investigation has revealed serious treatment; the practical implementation of small and medium size apartment building plans and for planning, housing prices rose too fast to urge the city to increase the total supply of residential land; on Housing real estate development companies of idle land, illegal change of land use and nature of the delay in start time, the cover plate reluctant sellers and other illegal activities, increase the exposure and punishment.
Nineteenth Session of the NPC Standing Committee session of the Raised in the report, the National Development and Reform Commission jointly with relevant departments of the Sixteenth Meeting of the Eleventh National People's Congress comments and suggestions, the focus on protecting and improving people's livelihood has clearly put forward the views of further improvements.
Thursday, February 24, 2011
Power to help, together down,
Reporter Wang Yingwen report
Henan is China's major grain producing areas. Since Maibo years, because the long-standing Northwest Henan flow control, continuous drier for 3 consecutive months without effective rainfall, the highest value of at least 50 years earlier. The drought continued strong negative impact of winter wheat. Coupled with strong wind for some time more, to speed up the soil moisture loss, thus the recent drought in most parts of the province will continue.
pouring wheat in the drought, Henan Province, at all levels, agriculture, finance, oil, electricity and other relevant departments and units to play their respective advantages and full service water well wheat drought.
Bureau of Statistics Qiu Xiaohua, former director of CNOOC researchers turned low-key comeback in the suspension of negotiations on iron ore Steel Association billions of dollars in poor counties in Ningxia, the oil crisis of the alarm and then build a new town ming test of economic recovery in case of expansion of the Nu River Hydropower Development experts fear the medical field trouble brewing third-party mechanism should be introduced high-definition: the first 83 in Libya to return home security room will push prices for the simple reason
the face of drought, the two power companies in Henan Province issued an emergency notice urging all units Leading Group was established to guarantee the electricity drought, rapidly launch drought, to ensure reliable and safe power supply drought water wheat; full protection of water drought wheat consumption, and the organization of drought insurance electric service teams deep into the field of power supply facilities, maintenance, full service drought.
pay the Village of Henan Province are Xingyang Joe Louzhen hills, before pouring in thanks to tractor, diesel engine driven generators pumping, this method is not only costly but time consuming. Few people pouring altogether more than 90% of the land belongs to Who would have thought this spring, Henan Province, suffered large-scale drought, seeing if timely watering, the crop will crop failure. Electric Power Bureau, the city's The elite forces of the entire power into the construction site.
Secretary Li Fu River branch of the village committee, said with deep feeling: Water of Life! That evening, the people organize themselves for a busy day in the fields sent to the side of the construction team to write a
Henan is China's major grain producing areas. Since Maibo years, because the long-standing Northwest Henan flow control, continuous drier for 3 consecutive months without effective rainfall, the highest value of at least 50 years earlier. The drought continued strong negative impact of winter wheat. Coupled with strong wind for some time more, to speed up the soil moisture loss, thus the recent drought in most parts of the province will continue.
pouring wheat in the drought, Henan Province, at all levels, agriculture, finance, oil, electricity and other relevant departments and units to play their respective advantages and full service water well wheat drought.
Bureau of Statistics Qiu Xiaohua, former director of CNOOC researchers turned low-key comeback in the suspension of negotiations on iron ore Steel Association billions of dollars in poor counties in Ningxia, the oil crisis of the alarm and then build a new town ming test of economic recovery in case of expansion of the Nu River Hydropower Development experts fear the medical field trouble brewing third-party mechanism should be introduced high-definition: the first 83 in Libya to return home security room will push prices for the simple reason
the face of drought, the two power companies in Henan Province issued an emergency notice urging all units Leading Group was established to guarantee the electricity drought, rapidly launch drought, to ensure reliable and safe power supply drought water wheat; full protection of water drought wheat consumption, and the organization of drought insurance electric service teams deep into the field of power supply facilities, maintenance, full service drought.
pay the Village of Henan Province are Xingyang Joe Louzhen hills, before pouring in thanks to tractor, diesel engine driven generators pumping, this method is not only costly but time consuming. Few people pouring altogether more than 90% of the land belongs to Who would have thought this spring, Henan Province, suffered large-scale drought, seeing if timely watering, the crop will crop failure. Electric Power Bureau, the city's The elite forces of the entire power into the construction site.
Secretary Li Fu River branch of the village committee, said with deep feeling: Water of Life! That evening, the people organize themselves for a busy day in the fields sent to the side of the construction team to write a
Wednesday, February 23, 2011
Students prepare for the job and the rich woman married to abandon his girlfriend
Jinqianzaixian News Recently, this newspaper to . one after another, not only the work of female college students to charge to the The ex-boyfriend for employment, not yet graduated to betray her secret, and a female boss ready to get married. They maintain the feelings of three years once they burst.
Komidori told reporters that she and her boyfriend have been in love more than three years feelings have been good, this term boyfriend, a unit began training in Guiyang, the last few days, she found her boyfriend no longer work as before with her after dinner, do not call her bedroom, the students said her boyfriend back bedroom for days, she worried about the accident, after school, went to the door of her boyfriend and other units of their work practice, can see her boyfriend after work, say: units went to the parking lot. She secretly with the past, see the boyfriend got into a car, not off good through the window, she saw the car was a 30-year-old woman, the woman in his Qinliaoyikou her boyfriend's face, then they drove away. After Komidori clear out to find a boyfriend, but was told he was ready and that name than her teenage married women.
a telephone interview with a small Tsui when the former boyfriend of a cow, a cow, told reporters there is no way betraying the love thing, and now he working hard to find the majors, he graduated from neither work experience, there is no family background, it is looking for a good job is not easy, as his own lifestyle, he can fight a few years less than their peers.
Komidori told reporters that she and her boyfriend have been in love more than three years feelings have been good, this term boyfriend, a unit began training in Guiyang, the last few days, she found her boyfriend no longer work as before with her after dinner, do not call her bedroom, the students said her boyfriend back bedroom for days, she worried about the accident, after school, went to the door of her boyfriend and other units of their work practice, can see her boyfriend after work, say: units went to the parking lot. She secretly with the past, see the boyfriend got into a car, not off good through the window, she saw the car was a 30-year-old woman, the woman in his Qinliaoyikou her boyfriend's face, then they drove away. After Komidori clear out to find a boyfriend, but was told he was ready and that name than her teenage married women.
a telephone interview with a small Tsui when the former boyfriend of a cow, a cow, told reporters there is no way betraying the love thing, and now he working hard to find the majors, he graduated from neither work experience, there is no family background, it is looking for a good job is not easy, as his own lifestyle, he can fight a few years less than their peers.
Tuesday, February 22, 2011
BHP Billiton 4.75 billion U.S. dollars into the U.S. shale gas field
NetEase Finance February 22 hearing ore giant BHP Billiton announced today that the price will be $ 4,750,000,000 to buy a piece of shale gas fields in the United States, it is this one of the world's three major ore giant shale gas companies first foray into the U.S. areas.
According to foreign reports, BHP Billiton acquired the project is located in the U.S. Chesapeake City, one of Arkansas Fayetteville Shale Island gas field, the acquisition also includes gas pipeline system. The field area of 197,000 hectares, is the world's second largest shale gas field.
current gas production of the field at 400 million cubic feet (1100 million cubic meters), is expected to produce 40 years.
BHP Billiton Energy Project Manager Michael Yeager, said the project through the purchase of BHP Billiton will officially enter the U.S. shale gas fields, and will soon become the leading North American shale gas producers.
Chesapeake earlier this month said it would sell some assets to reduce debt levels, return on assets into the higher regions. Expressed the hope that through the sale of Chesapeake to obtain pre-tax income of $ 5,000,000,000. Earlier this month, Chesapeake Energy announced plans to sell about 487,000 hectares of the Fayetteville shale rights in order to achieve the scale of the debt within two years reduced by 25% of the plan.
Chesapeake and China's CNOOC had also signed a two shale gas joint development agreement.
(This article Source: NetEase Finance)
According to foreign reports, BHP Billiton acquired the project is located in the U.S. Chesapeake City, one of Arkansas Fayetteville Shale Island gas field, the acquisition also includes gas pipeline system. The field area of 197,000 hectares, is the world's second largest shale gas field.
current gas production of the field at 400 million cubic feet (1100 million cubic meters), is expected to produce 40 years.
BHP Billiton Energy Project Manager Michael Yeager, said the project through the purchase of BHP Billiton will officially enter the U.S. shale gas fields, and will soon become the leading North American shale gas producers.
Chesapeake earlier this month said it would sell some assets to reduce debt levels, return on assets into the higher regions. Expressed the hope that through the sale of Chesapeake to obtain pre-tax income of $ 5,000,000,000. Earlier this month, Chesapeake Energy announced plans to sell about 487,000 hectares of the Fayetteville shale rights in order to achieve the scale of the debt within two years reduced by 25% of the plan.
Chesapeake and China's CNOOC had also signed a two shale gas joint development agreement.
(This article Source: NetEase Finance)
Monday, February 21, 2011
China's economic transition has contributed 30 years of experience in what
This prototype is my Aug. 30 in Beijing to attend the published twice this article, when published in abridged.
China's economic transition: the experience of 30 years of contributions to what?
Zhang
Introduction
three decades, the Chinese economy has experienced economic growth , the exciting development and institutional change. This process contains too many fascinating stories, testing, decision-making, debate and academic research, too numerous to mention. It is the process of economic change, but also the political process, or a large-scale social experiment and ideological revolution. economists in the participation in the process of economic change, feelings and experiences is extraordinarily different. and other social scientists, not the same, since the Xiaogang Village, Anhui Province in 1978, implementation of the land contract system and in April 1979 political economy report for comment. their own internal differences of opinion, division, argued endlessly, and even mutual accusations. but they have been following the pulse of economic reform and development and progress. While economists experiencing in terms of ideology between the detention and liberation struggling, but open and market-oriented way the economic development and structural change constantly to break our old myths and dogma, leading ideas, to promote innovative thinking and academic.
so in the beginning of last year, I decided to use I write a response to the perspective of hands for 30 years this book, called period of time, thought and academic indeed very active, not only the elderly and young scholars to actively participate in the research of China's economic reforms, and they and the Government maintained a very close relationship and get the government to actively promote and support the formation of interaction between the two sides of the most memorable period of time.
in this time period, 1984's home, especially the new generation Economist for the price reform issues like the nerve to find viable ways to design programs; while in the latter an international meeting on how to understand and deal with the initial stage of transition, macroeconomic imbalances and inflation, as Chinese economists ask for advice to foreign economists face a big issue. China's economic reform as a living classroom of economics. Indeed, China is also a process of economic reform, including our government officials, including the modern economy we are learning and the process economics. The reform process which will certainly have the wisdom from economics, but more importantly, it allows our own economists (both the older generation or the younger generation) from the traditional and classical writers den The Collected Works came out and began to face the true reality of the Chinese economy. In this case, to argue economists contribution of economic reform in China how much, it becomes unnecessary, and has no value and meaning.
I chose from the I am an economist with a collective image of an important event in the historical arena beginning, of course the most appropriate. in the formation, took the comments out of the classic study of the economic track, China's economic reforms to become active in the field of theory and policy a major force. I words account of this meeting is that: Since the reform and opening up, the economy almost no academic discussion, will be like 1984, So who has talked about. and I think, if the a meeting, without exception, change the fate of a group of young people. I immediately told him to meet, I am writing a book called the invitation is the editor of the Publications anniversary of 50 years to write papers, he also chose the 30th anniversary of China's economic reform theme. but my book is different than he would like to sum up China's economic reform and development itself, but China's economic rise on what is the contribution of modern economics. Thus, in Professor Xie Qianli home, we had a long discussion. we finally have a basic consensus is that China's experience of the first is to verify a lot of economics mature theory, but also to the many widely accepted theory into question. The most important is that China's experience for us to understand more deeply the complex system of relations and economic development provides the best observation opportunities. < br> Finally, Professor Xie Qianli 6 months of this year, Comparative Economic Studies published his paper on Research on the Chinese experience is worth a cause for concern in two ways. First, as a transformation and developing economies, China for testing and interpretation of economic science on the important thinking of the many insights provided a large-scale, heterogeneity and rapid changes in the laboratory. These ideas sources include (but are not limited to) the growth of economics Solow, development economics Lewis, Kuznets, and Sen, as well as system economics Buchanan, Coase and North. Second, expansion of the Chinese experience of the scope of economic analysis. China's economic development experience to say the story is about different times in different systems and that contains a complex interaction and feedback mechanisms of how the system evolution of a large thing. on the unique An Explanation of China depends largely on the economic transformation that we are not seen as a process rather than events. That is, as a process of redefinition of property rights; a continuous process towards a market economy; a technology transfer and innovation process; a learning and mental models to adapt to new economic realities process. If you see it that way, then, is connected with the research on the expansion of Chinese economic reform and development of the range of endogenous nature. that, in China's economic reform and development has completed the first decade when the economy has begun to once again become an important topic of the Western mainstream economists. This is the last century there have been 60 years since the phenomenon did not. Economic development has been mainstream economists unprecedented attention. However, this time, economists recognize the phenomenon of economic development and research into a whole new level. system and economic development has become the commanding heights of development economics. Thus, China's economic transformation and development becomes very valuable experience.
In this article, I hope to have this opportunity to 30 years of China's economic reform and development of the topic into the system and development background in the economics literature, from one side to review and economists to discuss economic reform and development in China to see what the experience? value of what? China's experience contributed to the economic development of the theory of what? developed what? To answer these questions, I am prepared to involving and discussion here 5 problem. One way or the transformation strategy on the reform of the selection; The second is the problem of decentralization and centralization; third countries in transition and capacity issues; Fourth, the relationship between the system and economic development. Finally, I would like to talk about China as powers of observation and research for economic development and institutional change to make another contribution to less been mentioned.
know Transformation: Strategy Differences and Comparative Institutional Economics (CIE) formation
20 years ago, no doubt on the topic of economic transformation is still new. Most economists put the economy from a centrally planned transition to a market economy is defined as Admittedly, becoming economists accept the so-called background, in the late 80s and early 90s, China's young generation of economists by
taken the first step, the use of the basic principles of modern economics and methodology to think and observe China's economic reforms hope that, in theory, be able to explain China's reform and economic development of the facts. This is also in fact a collective effort to promote the indigenous process of transition to a modern economist.
at the Shanghai Joint Publishing to launch Economics Library open to the outside world, the academic conference, held for many years in the outside world did not produce spectacular effects, but the Shanghai Joint Publishing provides a platform for the publication and communication are, in fact, a number of today's active in shaping the domestic and international economic stage the young economist.
in Shanghai Joint Publishing, published in 1994, papers. This reflects the Proceedings good 15 years ago, we have a planned economy to a market economy on the transition of basic knowledge. This knowledge can probably Sheng Hong for passage to sum it up: that as long as the choice of the target model, the reform was done. But the practice of reform in different countries and different consequences, which reminds us recognize that market-oriented reform of the more important question is how to reform. This is the official orthodox economics can not explain and do not solve the problem. level. For example, the same in 1994, in Paris, OECD published a book entitled such a passage: of GDP in the past decade to an average of 8% growth, while Russia, Central and Eastern European countries in the past four years has experienced a 15% to 50% decline in production. in the production of this difference makes the comparison appears transition experiences of these countries to seek China's experience may offer lessons of other economies in transition (if any) become very valuable.
undeniable, with Russia and Eastern Europe than in other transition economies, China's reform strategy is significantly different. based on time of economic transformation of Chinese economists made the strategic characteristics of the literature summary and conceptualization, I English forthcoming paper, , the sales price is not subject to control; for the production and sale of two types of prices exist. dual pricing is that it avoids the state-owned enterprises and government support collapsed abruptly ceased. The Government will gradually reduce the quota, while the market price exists convergence trend.
(2) incremental reform: economic liberalization policy only allows the emerging economy (sector) expansion and the establishment of, and does not allow the economy (sector) the loss of government control; the economy is in the planning of new ingredients to encourage and increase foreign access.
(3) pilot reform: reform programs are generally designed not help the central government, in many cases they are not even widely implemented. reform is under way in advance of trial and error. Central to develop some guidelines of the approach, but the central government will encourage local governments to find and the best way to implement reforms. reform program has often been modified to adapt to local conditions.
(4) micro-macro reform walking in front of the reform: the reform program initially focused on the incentive to engage in product markets rather than the elements of the market price out right. Although the Chinese step by step through the double-track price liberalization of the market price, but in order to maintain a smooth transition, most of factor prices have not yet been liberalized. economics tells us that , micro-improvement incentives based on output growth.
(5) economic reform before political reform to go: Economic reform is in a given political system implementation. Although China has experienced fiscal decentralization, the party and central government still appointed local officials. from the experience point of view, the political focus of the system appears more likely to maintain macroeconomic stability.
In that article I concluded: China's economic reform established a system of incentives to better conditions in order to drive economic growth. China's experience shows that the price does not seem out of the only determinant of economic success. China's experience in the real work is a set of coordination and motivation mechanism that ultimately established in the market system is necessary before the look. known ability to review, there are two early shortcomings of these studies, one observation of the reform experience of countries in the approach to reform, or merely differences of the above reform strategies, lack of reform of the natural endowments of different countries, political, historical and ideological initial conditions such as more in-depth observation, consider the system less complex relationship with economic growth; second is the lack of empirical research experience.
China and Russia, the great difference in economic performance or, more broadly, Asia transition economies and the Soviet Union and the transition economies (generally referred to as CEEFSU) the distinction in economic development, as can be the subject of inquiry can be described as enduring and still attract the attention of economists as an important growth point transformation of economic development one. But today, the answer to this question have been different. the research on transition economies in transition have already exceeded the early awareness of the strategic merits of the depth of the system into a comparative study. thanks to further advance this study, one is called as This process is the subject of new institutional economics. New Institutional Economics to the idea of mainstream economics for the soul, absorb the history and political science, with a wealth of material on the system and build a conceptual framework for institutional change. There is no doubt North is the representative of economists. from the the recent (especially Western history since the 18th century) formed during the efforts, which in essence is that it is the theory of history, rather than economic theory of development. It is our concern with this particular phenomenon of economic development and economic transformation of Inter still has a diaphragm. Because of this, comparative institutional economics in economic development, academic growth and institutional restructuring, the formation of the context, it is not the essence of the history of the theory, but economic theory. compare great attention to institutional economics the phenomenon of economic development of different comparative study of attention have a major impact on the economic development of national systems, governance, political system, administrative bureaucrats, intergovernmental fiscal relations, the rule of law, endowments, growth strategies, policy options and other issues involving the classic areas of modern economics outside elements. in the North's sense, these elements are in the system context, or simply that they are systems. Thus, finally, with the North, as comparative institutional economics also adhere to this belief: the system is important The.
on specific transition economies, the comparative institutional economics, earlier studies clearly overcome the shortcomings of the two economies in transition, they do not simply discuss the differences in the way of reform, but from the initial system of constraints to explain the policy Select different. In addition, the comparative institutional economics rely on the experience and measurement of support. It is worth noting that following those discussions, I not only focus on China's economic reforms which began 30 years of topics, and they compare themselves an important part of institutional economics.
growth incentives: Decentralization or re-centralization?
undeniable, modern economics in China's economic transformation and development in the extraordinary impact, and help us understand a lot of place in This 30-year thing. At the same time, China's economic transformation and growth experience to help us to further test development and institutional economics in economic restructuring of some of the theoretical results, and promote the development of the theory. This is not a word game . This is to hide an interesting, not easy to see the mechanism at work. I remember the famous German physicist Werner Heisenberg once said that the decision of the existing theory to what we can observe. for economists to said that China's experience when they observe, they may often find a good experience not only because to build theory, but because of the theory will be easier to find good experience. In fact, the minds of many economists existing theories and knowledge, but these things can largely determine the economic transformation of economists see some different things.
in the West developed the federalism) in the existing theory and China's economic development experience to be in control, it naturally is a case in point. in accordance with the Western theory of fiscal federalism in certain conditions can lead to economic growth. So, were together, since the reform, behind China's economic growth, there is no mechanism for decentralization and fiscal federalism at work? Some Chinese economists began 10 years ago, China's intergovernmental fiscal relations and fiscal decentralization showed great interest in the phenomenon, and From then forward the relevant fiscal decentralization and fiscal federalism theory development. This is probably to say that Heisenberg provided a footnote.
2008 year, Peking University, Professor Zhou Lian and I jointly edited and Shanghai People's Publishing House and Gezhi a study co-published the collected works, and take the . the purpose of editing this anthology is to be able to summarize and display the past 10 years Chinese economists rely on China's reform of intergovernmental fiscal relations and the experience of economic growth in the We are development economics, transition economics, comparative institutional research and an important contribution to the literature.
in the economics literature, the research on fiscal federalism at least a half a century. is generally believed that Charles Tiebout1957 at the University of Chicago De journal Journal of Political Economy (Journal of Political Economy) published theory or developed the idea to the decentralization, the formation of the early literature of fiscal federalism. can be regarded as the first generation of these documents Theory of Fiscal Decentralization .2006 June, it is Charles Tiebout published his classic paper in 1956 to enter When the 50th anniversary of the U.S. Lincoln Institute of Land Policy (Lincoln Institute of Land Policy) William Fischel has published a book edited Essays in Honor of Public Economics Wallace Oates's contribution As long as people can move freely between different places, their own true preferences to, in essence, inverse ratio, so it is bound to the resulting competition between local governments, this is similar to the mechanism of competitive markets can affect the local government's public expenditure patterns.
However, early this generation of fiscal federalism largely confined to the idea In the context of public finance, there is no more centrally involved in local government incentives patterns and the relationship between decentralization and economic growth issues. until the early 90s of last century, with China and Russia, the experience of countries with economies in transition phenomenon Shoudao attention, the early ideas of fiscal federalism was able to flourish.
1993, China economist with Yingyi Qian Xu Chenggang magazine in the Economics of Transition (Transition Economics) published an article on the subject of lengthy comparison article Why China's economic reforms difference? M-type hierarchical and non-state sector entry and expansion. out this paper, they will have a preliminary observation, that China's economy before the reform in the sense of the organization is different with the former Soviet Union, they believe the organization structure of the different ways of later reforms and economic growth has an impact . in the former Soviet Union, planned economic management is vertical, vertical, and China's plans within the system there is always a multi-level and multi-region management level, so that an industrial organization constitutes the so-called U-type and M - the distinction between types of organizational structure. In China, this structure is conventionally called Western economists and political scientists (eg, Gerard Roland and Barry Weingast and others) also joined them, jointly co-operation with the Chinese economists, the idea began to more fiscal decentralization and local government incentives, economic restructuring and linked to economic growth. As a large extent by the experience of China and Russia, the phenomenon of the impact of economic restructuring, their research methods and perspectives and the early public finance theory has been different, they break through the limitations of the supply of public goods, and further to the local financial decentralization and local government incentives and competition in the local link is established to explain a conceptual framework for economic transformation. In this framework, they emphasized the decentralization of local conditions to promote local competition, and they think it is a The second generation of fiscal decentralization or fiscal federalism the basic literature.
However, these studies emphasize the importance of decentralization is still limited, face further challenges. First, of course, after China in 1949, especially during the Cultural Revolution, the central to local institutional framework for the gradual formation of the separation of powers, which can be considered China's economic reforms in 1978, favorable Instead'd constantly changing and adjusting. As fiscal decentralization is not stable, why the local officials to promote economic growth, competition and incentive is not changed? Second, these studies did not seem to notice the importance of re-centralization. In fact, most economic Reform of the beginning of the implementation of the reform countries of central and local fiscal decentralization. For example, Russia, Gorbachev era was the financial decentralization to local governments. Moreover, whether China or Russia, the financial sub- right after. the central financial resources continued to decline and local spending to expand the gap of economic reforms and stability to become the greatest threat. When a sustained decline in the central finance and local public expenditure gap of the future, both countries have made reform of the authorities to re- consider centralized response. However, the performance of Russia's re-centralization of public finances to re-expand the size of the Chinese in 1994, before and after the re-centralization was designed by a set of national capacity-building on the implementation of institutional reforms.
I submitted in September 2007 the United Nations University Institute for Economic Development (UNU-WIDER) in an international conference papers discussed the Chinese government in 1994 after a series of institutional reforms on economic development. These reforms include party system of governance and financial aspects. (1) to strengthen central and local leaders direct control. local government officials, especially governors and provincial secretary of the directly appointed by the central authorities. their promotion and rotation by the central level control, to ensure that the local government's absolute loyalty to the central information and to avoid the asymmetry between the two; (2) the introduction of official promotion of economic performance-based system (the so-called strengthen local political incentives; (3) re-divided and the central and local institutional income and expenditure of the range (the so-called revenue-sharing), to recognize and maintain local financial autonomy, in ensuring that the central premise of income, strengthening the central and local revenues adjustment and balance; (4) stripping the four state-owned commercial banks bad debts and set up asset management companies (AMC) to reduce the debts to the government and the public sector, public sector subsidies to plug loopholes.
reforms to ensure that these systems re-centralization and the central political authority, established within the party and government bureaucratic system similar to Championship mechanism leads to the normal operation of China. First, China's authoritarian system of making the central government can set the game rules and evaluation criteria, and can decide who can be promoted in the end; Secondly, the Chinese Government is a type of hierarchical M structure and organization of each part can be compared directly, relatively easy to implement Championship; Finally, although the rapid growth of non-state sector, but local governments still control most of financial resources, land, other factors of production and the right policies . Thus, the political incentives for local economic development can have a profound impact.
I can find some explanation for this indirect statistical evidence .2006, Zhang Yan and Gong six published growth, significantly between 1994-2002 is positive, and in the years 1986-1993 is significantly negative. If you do not take into account before and after 1994, aimed at strengthening the centralized political and fiscal reform factors, we can not explain very well the estimation of their results.
Ekaterina Zhuravskaya published in 2000, fiscal decentralization on the incentive effects of the Russian research paper, the authors found that if the local government's own revenues increased by 1 dollar, the local share of revenue will decline 9 cents. Therefore, Russia's financial re-centralization to local government can not provide adequate financial incentives, local governments have no incentive to promote economic development.
2007 �� 5 months, I am guided by the Fu Yong, a doctoral student in the doctoral thesis also made a test of such financial incentives, he extended to the 1970-2004 data, and taking into account transfer payments and tax division. Zhuravskaya his research methods used, but the opposite is true in Russia, his estimates show that , the tax system in 1994, China's financial incentives facing local governments greatly increased.
Fu Yong, in his doctoral thesis also examined the local tax system in 1994 after a change in the structure of fiscal expenditure. He used the 1994-2004 China's 29 provinces and cities of the panel data, it is estimated that in 1994-2004, fiscal decentralization on the east and west of the proportion of capital expenditure is significantly positive, while the proportion of expenditure on science, education is significantly negative impact. of no significant effect on the middle. And the data do return extended to 1986-2004, found that the tax system in 1994, prior to fiscal decentralization on the proportion of capital expenditure is not significant, while the proportion of expenditure on science, education of still significantly negative. This finding helps explain, in 1994, after the implementation of the tax system, local government hardened budget constraints, the incentive to improve economic growth. This phenomenon did not occur in Russia.
So, in my opinion, China and Russia since the 90s in the last century of economic growth and development in different manifestations, and its due to fiscal decentralization, might as well be attributed to the re-centralization of decentralization lead to differences in the way. So, in order to re-centralization of power, China's reform Reform the Why did you choose to respond to emerging threats rather than separation of powers as Russia to re-expand the scale of public finance it? a simple answer is that the Russian government has sufficient oil revenues and ...
China's economic transition: the experience of 30 years of contributions to what?
Zhang
Introduction
three decades, the Chinese economy has experienced economic growth , the exciting development and institutional change. This process contains too many fascinating stories, testing, decision-making, debate and academic research, too numerous to mention. It is the process of economic change, but also the political process, or a large-scale social experiment and ideological revolution. economists in the participation in the process of economic change, feelings and experiences is extraordinarily different. and other social scientists, not the same, since the Xiaogang Village, Anhui Province in 1978, implementation of the land contract system and in April 1979 political economy report for comment. their own internal differences of opinion, division, argued endlessly, and even mutual accusations. but they have been following the pulse of economic reform and development and progress. While economists experiencing in terms of ideology between the detention and liberation struggling, but open and market-oriented way the economic development and structural change constantly to break our old myths and dogma, leading ideas, to promote innovative thinking and academic.
so in the beginning of last year, I decided to use I write a response to the perspective of hands for 30 years this book, called period of time, thought and academic indeed very active, not only the elderly and young scholars to actively participate in the research of China's economic reforms, and they and the Government maintained a very close relationship and get the government to actively promote and support the formation of interaction between the two sides of the most memorable period of time.
in this time period, 1984's home, especially the new generation Economist for the price reform issues like the nerve to find viable ways to design programs; while in the latter an international meeting on how to understand and deal with the initial stage of transition, macroeconomic imbalances and inflation, as Chinese economists ask for advice to foreign economists face a big issue. China's economic reform as a living classroom of economics. Indeed, China is also a process of economic reform, including our government officials, including the modern economy we are learning and the process economics. The reform process which will certainly have the wisdom from economics, but more importantly, it allows our own economists (both the older generation or the younger generation) from the traditional and classical writers den The Collected Works came out and began to face the true reality of the Chinese economy. In this case, to argue economists contribution of economic reform in China how much, it becomes unnecessary, and has no value and meaning.
I chose from the I am an economist with a collective image of an important event in the historical arena beginning, of course the most appropriate. in the formation, took the comments out of the classic study of the economic track, China's economic reforms to become active in the field of theory and policy a major force. I words account of this meeting is that: Since the reform and opening up, the economy almost no academic discussion, will be like 1984, So who has talked about. and I think, if the a meeting, without exception, change the fate of a group of young people. I immediately told him to meet, I am writing a book called the invitation is the editor of the Publications anniversary of 50 years to write papers, he also chose the 30th anniversary of China's economic reform theme. but my book is different than he would like to sum up China's economic reform and development itself, but China's economic rise on what is the contribution of modern economics. Thus, in Professor Xie Qianli home, we had a long discussion. we finally have a basic consensus is that China's experience of the first is to verify a lot of economics mature theory, but also to the many widely accepted theory into question. The most important is that China's experience for us to understand more deeply the complex system of relations and economic development provides the best observation opportunities. < br> Finally, Professor Xie Qianli 6 months of this year, Comparative Economic Studies published his paper on Research on the Chinese experience is worth a cause for concern in two ways. First, as a transformation and developing economies, China for testing and interpretation of economic science on the important thinking of the many insights provided a large-scale, heterogeneity and rapid changes in the laboratory. These ideas sources include (but are not limited to) the growth of economics Solow, development economics Lewis, Kuznets, and Sen, as well as system economics Buchanan, Coase and North. Second, expansion of the Chinese experience of the scope of economic analysis. China's economic development experience to say the story is about different times in different systems and that contains a complex interaction and feedback mechanisms of how the system evolution of a large thing. on the unique An Explanation of China depends largely on the economic transformation that we are not seen as a process rather than events. That is, as a process of redefinition of property rights; a continuous process towards a market economy; a technology transfer and innovation process; a learning and mental models to adapt to new economic realities process. If you see it that way, then, is connected with the research on the expansion of Chinese economic reform and development of the range of endogenous nature. that, in China's economic reform and development has completed the first decade when the economy has begun to once again become an important topic of the Western mainstream economists. This is the last century there have been 60 years since the phenomenon did not. Economic development has been mainstream economists unprecedented attention. However, this time, economists recognize the phenomenon of economic development and research into a whole new level. system and economic development has become the commanding heights of development economics. Thus, China's economic transformation and development becomes very valuable experience.
In this article, I hope to have this opportunity to 30 years of China's economic reform and development of the topic into the system and development background in the economics literature, from one side to review and economists to discuss economic reform and development in China to see what the experience? value of what? China's experience contributed to the economic development of the theory of what? developed what? To answer these questions, I am prepared to involving and discussion here 5 problem. One way or the transformation strategy on the reform of the selection; The second is the problem of decentralization and centralization; third countries in transition and capacity issues; Fourth, the relationship between the system and economic development. Finally, I would like to talk about China as powers of observation and research for economic development and institutional change to make another contribution to less been mentioned.
know Transformation: Strategy Differences and Comparative Institutional Economics (CIE) formation
20 years ago, no doubt on the topic of economic transformation is still new. Most economists put the economy from a centrally planned transition to a market economy is defined as Admittedly, becoming economists accept the so-called background, in the late 80s and early 90s, China's young generation of economists by
taken the first step, the use of the basic principles of modern economics and methodology to think and observe China's economic reforms hope that, in theory, be able to explain China's reform and economic development of the facts. This is also in fact a collective effort to promote the indigenous process of transition to a modern economist.
at the Shanghai Joint Publishing to launch Economics Library open to the outside world, the academic conference, held for many years in the outside world did not produce spectacular effects, but the Shanghai Joint Publishing provides a platform for the publication and communication are, in fact, a number of today's active in shaping the domestic and international economic stage the young economist.
in Shanghai Joint Publishing, published in 1994, papers. This reflects the Proceedings good 15 years ago, we have a planned economy to a market economy on the transition of basic knowledge. This knowledge can probably Sheng Hong for passage to sum it up: that as long as the choice of the target model, the reform was done. But the practice of reform in different countries and different consequences, which reminds us recognize that market-oriented reform of the more important question is how to reform. This is the official orthodox economics can not explain and do not solve the problem. level. For example, the same in 1994, in Paris, OECD published a book entitled such a passage: of GDP in the past decade to an average of 8% growth, while Russia, Central and Eastern European countries in the past four years has experienced a 15% to 50% decline in production. in the production of this difference makes the comparison appears transition experiences of these countries to seek China's experience may offer lessons of other economies in transition (if any) become very valuable.
undeniable, with Russia and Eastern Europe than in other transition economies, China's reform strategy is significantly different. based on time of economic transformation of Chinese economists made the strategic characteristics of the literature summary and conceptualization, I English forthcoming paper, , the sales price is not subject to control; for the production and sale of two types of prices exist. dual pricing is that it avoids the state-owned enterprises and government support collapsed abruptly ceased. The Government will gradually reduce the quota, while the market price exists convergence trend.
(2) incremental reform: economic liberalization policy only allows the emerging economy (sector) expansion and the establishment of, and does not allow the economy (sector) the loss of government control; the economy is in the planning of new ingredients to encourage and increase foreign access.
(3) pilot reform: reform programs are generally designed not help the central government, in many cases they are not even widely implemented. reform is under way in advance of trial and error. Central to develop some guidelines of the approach, but the central government will encourage local governments to find and the best way to implement reforms. reform program has often been modified to adapt to local conditions.
(4) micro-macro reform walking in front of the reform: the reform program initially focused on the incentive to engage in product markets rather than the elements of the market price out right. Although the Chinese step by step through the double-track price liberalization of the market price, but in order to maintain a smooth transition, most of factor prices have not yet been liberalized. economics tells us that , micro-improvement incentives based on output growth.
(5) economic reform before political reform to go: Economic reform is in a given political system implementation. Although China has experienced fiscal decentralization, the party and central government still appointed local officials. from the experience point of view, the political focus of the system appears more likely to maintain macroeconomic stability.
In that article I concluded: China's economic reform established a system of incentives to better conditions in order to drive economic growth. China's experience shows that the price does not seem out of the only determinant of economic success. China's experience in the real work is a set of coordination and motivation mechanism that ultimately established in the market system is necessary before the look. known ability to review, there are two early shortcomings of these studies, one observation of the reform experience of countries in the approach to reform, or merely differences of the above reform strategies, lack of reform of the natural endowments of different countries, political, historical and ideological initial conditions such as more in-depth observation, consider the system less complex relationship with economic growth; second is the lack of empirical research experience.
China and Russia, the great difference in economic performance or, more broadly, Asia transition economies and the Soviet Union and the transition economies (generally referred to as CEEFSU) the distinction in economic development, as can be the subject of inquiry can be described as enduring and still attract the attention of economists as an important growth point transformation of economic development one. But today, the answer to this question have been different. the research on transition economies in transition have already exceeded the early awareness of the strategic merits of the depth of the system into a comparative study. thanks to further advance this study, one is called as This process is the subject of new institutional economics. New Institutional Economics to the idea of mainstream economics for the soul, absorb the history and political science, with a wealth of material on the system and build a conceptual framework for institutional change. There is no doubt North is the representative of economists. from the the recent (especially Western history since the 18th century) formed during the efforts, which in essence is that it is the theory of history, rather than economic theory of development. It is our concern with this particular phenomenon of economic development and economic transformation of Inter still has a diaphragm. Because of this, comparative institutional economics in economic development, academic growth and institutional restructuring, the formation of the context, it is not the essence of the history of the theory, but economic theory. compare great attention to institutional economics the phenomenon of economic development of different comparative study of attention have a major impact on the economic development of national systems, governance, political system, administrative bureaucrats, intergovernmental fiscal relations, the rule of law, endowments, growth strategies, policy options and other issues involving the classic areas of modern economics outside elements. in the North's sense, these elements are in the system context, or simply that they are systems. Thus, finally, with the North, as comparative institutional economics also adhere to this belief: the system is important The.
on specific transition economies, the comparative institutional economics, earlier studies clearly overcome the shortcomings of the two economies in transition, they do not simply discuss the differences in the way of reform, but from the initial system of constraints to explain the policy Select different. In addition, the comparative institutional economics rely on the experience and measurement of support. It is worth noting that following those discussions, I not only focus on China's economic reforms which began 30 years of topics, and they compare themselves an important part of institutional economics.
growth incentives: Decentralization or re-centralization?
undeniable, modern economics in China's economic transformation and development in the extraordinary impact, and help us understand a lot of place in This 30-year thing. At the same time, China's economic transformation and growth experience to help us to further test development and institutional economics in economic restructuring of some of the theoretical results, and promote the development of the theory. This is not a word game . This is to hide an interesting, not easy to see the mechanism at work. I remember the famous German physicist Werner Heisenberg once said that the decision of the existing theory to what we can observe. for economists to said that China's experience when they observe, they may often find a good experience not only because to build theory, but because of the theory will be easier to find good experience. In fact, the minds of many economists existing theories and knowledge, but these things can largely determine the economic transformation of economists see some different things.
in the West developed the federalism) in the existing theory and China's economic development experience to be in control, it naturally is a case in point. in accordance with the Western theory of fiscal federalism in certain conditions can lead to economic growth. So, were together, since the reform, behind China's economic growth, there is no mechanism for decentralization and fiscal federalism at work? Some Chinese economists began 10 years ago, China's intergovernmental fiscal relations and fiscal decentralization showed great interest in the phenomenon, and From then forward the relevant fiscal decentralization and fiscal federalism theory development. This is probably to say that Heisenberg provided a footnote.
2008 year, Peking University, Professor Zhou Lian and I jointly edited and Shanghai People's Publishing House and Gezhi a study co-published the collected works, and take the . the purpose of editing this anthology is to be able to summarize and display the past 10 years Chinese economists rely on China's reform of intergovernmental fiscal relations and the experience of economic growth in the We are development economics, transition economics, comparative institutional research and an important contribution to the literature.
in the economics literature, the research on fiscal federalism at least a half a century. is generally believed that Charles Tiebout1957 at the University of Chicago De journal Journal of Political Economy (Journal of Political Economy) published theory or developed the idea to the decentralization, the formation of the early literature of fiscal federalism. can be regarded as the first generation of these documents Theory of Fiscal Decentralization .2006 June, it is Charles Tiebout published his classic paper in 1956 to enter When the 50th anniversary of the U.S. Lincoln Institute of Land Policy (Lincoln Institute of Land Policy) William Fischel has published a book edited Essays in Honor of Public Economics Wallace Oates's contribution As long as people can move freely between different places, their own true preferences to, in essence, inverse ratio, so it is bound to the resulting competition between local governments, this is similar to the mechanism of competitive markets can affect the local government's public expenditure patterns.
However, early this generation of fiscal federalism largely confined to the idea In the context of public finance, there is no more centrally involved in local government incentives patterns and the relationship between decentralization and economic growth issues. until the early 90s of last century, with China and Russia, the experience of countries with economies in transition phenomenon Shoudao attention, the early ideas of fiscal federalism was able to flourish.
1993, China economist with Yingyi Qian Xu Chenggang magazine in the Economics of Transition (Transition Economics) published an article on the subject of lengthy comparison article Why China's economic reforms difference? M-type hierarchical and non-state sector entry and expansion. out this paper, they will have a preliminary observation, that China's economy before the reform in the sense of the organization is different with the former Soviet Union, they believe the organization structure of the different ways of later reforms and economic growth has an impact . in the former Soviet Union, planned economic management is vertical, vertical, and China's plans within the system there is always a multi-level and multi-region management level, so that an industrial organization constitutes the so-called U-type and M - the distinction between types of organizational structure. In China, this structure is conventionally called Western economists and political scientists (eg, Gerard Roland and Barry Weingast and others) also joined them, jointly co-operation with the Chinese economists, the idea began to more fiscal decentralization and local government incentives, economic restructuring and linked to economic growth. As a large extent by the experience of China and Russia, the phenomenon of the impact of economic restructuring, their research methods and perspectives and the early public finance theory has been different, they break through the limitations of the supply of public goods, and further to the local financial decentralization and local government incentives and competition in the local link is established to explain a conceptual framework for economic transformation. In this framework, they emphasized the decentralization of local conditions to promote local competition, and they think it is a The second generation of fiscal decentralization or fiscal federalism the basic literature.
However, these studies emphasize the importance of decentralization is still limited, face further challenges. First, of course, after China in 1949, especially during the Cultural Revolution, the central to local institutional framework for the gradual formation of the separation of powers, which can be considered China's economic reforms in 1978, favorable Instead'd constantly changing and adjusting. As fiscal decentralization is not stable, why the local officials to promote economic growth, competition and incentive is not changed? Second, these studies did not seem to notice the importance of re-centralization. In fact, most economic Reform of the beginning of the implementation of the reform countries of central and local fiscal decentralization. For example, Russia, Gorbachev era was the financial decentralization to local governments. Moreover, whether China or Russia, the financial sub- right after. the central financial resources continued to decline and local spending to expand the gap of economic reforms and stability to become the greatest threat. When a sustained decline in the central finance and local public expenditure gap of the future, both countries have made reform of the authorities to re- consider centralized response. However, the performance of Russia's re-centralization of public finances to re-expand the size of the Chinese in 1994, before and after the re-centralization was designed by a set of national capacity-building on the implementation of institutional reforms.
I submitted in September 2007 the United Nations University Institute for Economic Development (UNU-WIDER) in an international conference papers discussed the Chinese government in 1994 after a series of institutional reforms on economic development. These reforms include party system of governance and financial aspects. (1) to strengthen central and local leaders direct control. local government officials, especially governors and provincial secretary of the directly appointed by the central authorities. their promotion and rotation by the central level control, to ensure that the local government's absolute loyalty to the central information and to avoid the asymmetry between the two; (2) the introduction of official promotion of economic performance-based system (the so-called strengthen local political incentives; (3) re-divided and the central and local institutional income and expenditure of the range (the so-called revenue-sharing), to recognize and maintain local financial autonomy, in ensuring that the central premise of income, strengthening the central and local revenues adjustment and balance; (4) stripping the four state-owned commercial banks bad debts and set up asset management companies (AMC) to reduce the debts to the government and the public sector, public sector subsidies to plug loopholes.
reforms to ensure that these systems re-centralization and the central political authority, established within the party and government bureaucratic system similar to Championship mechanism leads to the normal operation of China. First, China's authoritarian system of making the central government can set the game rules and evaluation criteria, and can decide who can be promoted in the end; Secondly, the Chinese Government is a type of hierarchical M structure and organization of each part can be compared directly, relatively easy to implement Championship; Finally, although the rapid growth of non-state sector, but local governments still control most of financial resources, land, other factors of production and the right policies . Thus, the political incentives for local economic development can have a profound impact.
I can find some explanation for this indirect statistical evidence .2006, Zhang Yan and Gong six published growth, significantly between 1994-2002 is positive, and in the years 1986-1993 is significantly negative. If you do not take into account before and after 1994, aimed at strengthening the centralized political and fiscal reform factors, we can not explain very well the estimation of their results.
Ekaterina Zhuravskaya published in 2000, fiscal decentralization on the incentive effects of the Russian research paper, the authors found that if the local government's own revenues increased by 1 dollar, the local share of revenue will decline 9 cents. Therefore, Russia's financial re-centralization to local government can not provide adequate financial incentives, local governments have no incentive to promote economic development.
2007 �� 5 months, I am guided by the Fu Yong, a doctoral student in the doctoral thesis also made a test of such financial incentives, he extended to the 1970-2004 data, and taking into account transfer payments and tax division. Zhuravskaya his research methods used, but the opposite is true in Russia, his estimates show that , the tax system in 1994, China's financial incentives facing local governments greatly increased.
Fu Yong, in his doctoral thesis also examined the local tax system in 1994 after a change in the structure of fiscal expenditure. He used the 1994-2004 China's 29 provinces and cities of the panel data, it is estimated that in 1994-2004, fiscal decentralization on the east and west of the proportion of capital expenditure is significantly positive, while the proportion of expenditure on science, education is significantly negative impact. of no significant effect on the middle. And the data do return extended to 1986-2004, found that the tax system in 1994, prior to fiscal decentralization on the proportion of capital expenditure is not significant, while the proportion of expenditure on science, education of still significantly negative. This finding helps explain, in 1994, after the implementation of the tax system, local government hardened budget constraints, the incentive to improve economic growth. This phenomenon did not occur in Russia.
So, in my opinion, China and Russia since the 90s in the last century of economic growth and development in different manifestations, and its due to fiscal decentralization, might as well be attributed to the re-centralization of decentralization lead to differences in the way. So, in order to re-centralization of power, China's reform Reform the Why did you choose to respond to emerging threats rather than separation of powers as Russia to re-expand the scale of public finance it? a simple answer is that the Russian government has sufficient oil revenues and ...
Sunday, February 20, 2011
Spring 2007 Trend Report
Spring 2007 Trend Report
Shuoshuo
large gold and silver color is certainly eye-catching use of gold and silver, sporadic dotted outline is the finishing touch, classic metallic yarn embroidery, beautifully delicate piece of gold beads decorated with stickers, or in the collar, belts, and other details Yibai decorated with gold and silver trim, with the rhythm of the body reflects the light and elegant. material performance is quite diverse, silk forging, gold and silver Lurex yarn, PVC, and stamping different texture enriched the connotation of gold and silver color scheme.
bright sunlight and bright with plenty of season, candy-like sweet romantic look can indeed express the mood of this season, but not flashing gold and silver themselves closer to the sun . high-profile or implied, and no choice-set, but every woman should have its own bright spot, is not it?
romantic longing for the spring flowers
the end of winter, always in a hurry to enter people's mind, as a representative of a new rotation, and the spirit of vigorous image. The vitality of spring and summer so can not be ignored, but also aroused the designers passion for tracing live life, then, colors, and flowers in this season T stage filling was full to the brim, brilliant mood also followed the opening to full bloom.
07 flowers in spring and summer seasons as complex as colorful, and some graceful and elegant, and some lively and imaginative, and some fine numerous, and some huge publicity, all kinds of colored printing, embroidery, lace composed of hh rich texture of different performance from the season surrounded by the romantic and tender and beautiful feminine qualities.
and designers are not satisfied with the performance forms of the plane, well playing with some layered, collage cut trick, so that flowers have become three-dimensional up, shoulders, chest, sleeve rings, skirt hh as long as the mood actions, one or a cluster of, lightweight fabrics and beautiful fold even It seems complicated level, it will not cause heavy feeling of redundancy, but the sweet Sweetie patterns Yang Kai, the breath of spring mounting a more vivid fragrance.
really can not resist the appeal of flowers, the romantic vision of spreading open. Not all of the seasons can have such vitality, whether it is quiet and determined manner, quietly open, or expressive, willful wanton flowers to bloom hh foil to overflowing emotions, just the sun, the mood is just right, may wish to begin a new encounter, in another round of appointments with the spring, re feeling romantic, feel alive.
sexy gentleman
neutral wind has been popular for several quarters, women have sex like this game quite this way, not so much excellent as their male colleagues of the very interesting topic ideas.
neutral dress this season, around the shirts, silk scarves, etc., gestures reveal a woman's unique soft and delicate, light and graceful. silk, especially the use of forging a recovery, smooth the skin, gorgeous textures bring out the noble and mature feminine charm, and unique silk forging Gloss is a reflection of restrained elegance gorgeous yet subdued atmosphere.
wide shaped neutral season, showing a tight one song two trends. or to the extreme of tailoring packages Futie female curves, narrow shoulders , slender waist shirt suit, narrow-leg pants with a slender, seemingly delicate and sensitive young profile, but it felt thin and self-confidence of women seriously; or fabric to create a comfortable and elegant shape of free and easy relaxed, casual models shirt suit with wide leg pants, or silk chiffon fabric multi-purpose, such as unruly joking women wear men's purpose is not to like men, but to the full achievement of female beauty. neckline open too low, too short trousers by some, may well be a way to increase sexy, but really sexy, even if wearing a simple white shirt, the same audience's soul.
Bright Future
60s last century, the fashion world in recent years had a tremendous impact. from the Pop Art, to the preppy trend, in 2007 spring and summer, Futurism came up to us and become a new trend of season benchmark. avant-garde designers of the passion was ignited, have spread a vision of the future picture to start, re-interpretation of the origin of the space in the 60's modern, creative The passion of innovation and futuristic as the crystallization of retro nostalgia.
metallic colors have been popular for several quarters, and finally shine in the spring and summer to flaunt the attitude of publicity from the avant-garde, especially the silver, and its futuristic modern light as the designer of choice. Burberry, Fendi, Celine, Stella McCartney, Dolce & Gabbana have created his own show to play the world dressed in white, although there is no fancy colors and complex decoration, tough and capable profile lines still showed a strong progressive force.
bright PVC fabric as the avant-garde's spokesman has thus been widely used in dress or accessories, and dyed a variety of bright colors, the publicity attracted exaggerated gloss All the fashionable people. As for new material to try, but also sufficient for designers to play with for a while. and full of psychedelic pop sense of geometric patterns, such as corrugated, the combination of wafer, etc., against the background of shiny fabrics are more and more the style of the future shows.
Now, space and high technology is not like that time is so mysterious is unknown, like the 60's designers describe creation out of science fiction-like future picture, it seems there fell a retro flavor. fashion is the way to and from the cycle to evolve in a spiral, gradually blurred the boundaries of time, only the eternal pursuit of beauty.
spring and summer mini-revival
07 T-units are so bright light, as if to erase the memory of all the dark clouds obscure the general, bringing wave after wave of brilliant youth unrest, while the mini-wave of 60's high-profile return and become a new season of sexy Declaration. out of your legs, Meaningful youth complex.
the name of the youth, despite the mini closer to thigh high, it will not be spawned on the erotic associations. This is more like nudity preached a bold and uninhibited attitude, because this youth-specific and appears increasingly willful innocence together. It was with this knowledge, the designer will be more for the length of the grasp of unscrupulous: starting from mid-thigh, reduced upwards, until approximate height of boxer swimwear.
together with the change in long clothing, as well as the proportion of the remodeling of the body. A-cut in the classic, based on the location of waist a little higher, but also a little; the thickness of the shoes improved some, but also a number of mm that cause the body to become more petite, but his legs were stretched in a more visually upright Qi long. whether it is sexy miniskirts hot rock style, the piece is pure classic preppy little dress, interpretation of the different styles of mini-switch freely, each one is unique personality of the youth style.
swinging 60's as a milestone in the history of fashion style of the period, the trend for the current impact is enormous. time handed down, not only mini-width or any other form of style, but also ways of thinking in China. willing to challenge and break, individuality and self, this optimism, confidence and spirit of exploration, has already gone beyond the mini skirt and wedge shoes themselves, with the evolution of the meaning.
about increasingly dynamic hot spring sun ignited the enthusiasm of designers ready to make the movement, or the increasingly thin clothes brand are the light induced stretch the life of longing, this spring and summer, full of dynamic movement of youth unrest quickly spread to the fashion industry, almost to the overheating. designers such as agreed well in general, have in the design of the new season by adding all kinds of sports elements, a highlight of the season full of personality.
typical three-striped sports shirt and trousers decorated, sports vest, rib shut leggings, hood hh elements of various sports in a rather low profile in dress above spring and summer of this year's modern elements, such as glossy PVC, silk forging material, capable of neutral dress or futuristic silver color, skillfully together, flying in the show inadvertently youthful vigor. This kind of is a windbreaker and shorts. shorts are cozy and comfortable style pack, poured a rich selection of material, cotton, linen and silk forging, or a new type of PVC material, it seems more lively and dazzling than ever before. windbreaker change is more certain, super- high waist short paragraph, sleeveless or short-sleeved crimping, transparent PVC material or shining gold and silver colors dazzle and drawstring detail and shut, etc., to coat a single product into the wild, with a fashionable sport temperament.
Yan is a young dynamic people envy it, to arouse the people to chase the hearts, even how bright Colorful eye-catching costumes, can not conceal this from the glory of life itself. Or, from another level , we can better understand the be fleeting. In fact, look at this trend in a number of seasons, the popular element, or tracked, such as the winter continued to play the , slipped out of a clear profile of obvious, it becomes ambiguous, crisp collar, shoulder decorated with badges, double-breasted, and the spirit of the waist belt, as a uniformed elements remain in the designs, but blurred the uniforms look like tough, melt mixed in among the various styles of dress, bears the imprint of a number of quite similar uniforms.
Balenciaga generals installed into the double-breasted and full of badges and other elements of the design of the equestrian competition atmosphere, fresh and simple and gives the female uniform curvature The clothing appeared on many occasions anchor pattern can be seen as a continuation of the spring and summer wave sailors; Dolce & Gabbana sights on the Napoleonic Empire period, Knight-like jacket, breeches meet a handsome classical European the aesthetic feeling of the people of war, gold buckle and waist chain empire more rich texture rendering; Kenzo retained the uniform of dark green color, to improve deformation and decorative Check, embroidered quilt, to lay a uniform profile Kenzo unique national brand; and Roberto Cavalli were decorated by gold and fur to the simple uniform brings gorgeous handsome and noble face hh
ambiguous uniform profile, dressed in our looming, perhaps, such a fuzzy to show that fashion attitude: smart, fashionable people who are not elements of the popular show to the extreme of.
elegant fur of fur in fashion, luxury has become the wild symbol, and this Winter seems to reverse the impression of fur boast, rigorous re-restrained elegance giving it meaning and character. This season's fur coat no matter the color or style is a lot of convergence, black, gray, earth tones so that the fur showing a calm attitude, also incorporated into the design of curved lines to dilute the soft fur of the Ye Yan edge, a little more Xiaojiabiyu Xianxiu. These soft, warm fur or improved more on the form of embellishment, collar, collar, sleeves side skirts, hem, sleeves side mounted, or made into cloak, sleeveless jacket, vest, fur skirt, with Eastern European-style classical charm, displaying the elegant style fur.
Celine by thin horizontal lines in the soft fur ring made of lead hedging waist coat, fit the models completely break the impression of thick fur bloated, this chic and elegant expression is rarely fur; Hermes to the classical taste of fur into their knight costumes, the British small cape, cardigan coat, wool scarf, or Ring of the villi, the color and style are very simple and elegant, while showing some nobility; Missoni's designs are more tender and lovely, the load side of exaggerated hair, girls flavor The short cape, then add the same color ribbon trim and bows, fur can be young and lively; LV fur design also spent a lot of thought and quiet low-key style is independent of color luxury and style of the brand outside Fur there, such as aprons, pockets, and elbow gloves specially designed for such a full design talent.
Check
have some feelings of warmth is hard to break away, such as those with a cozy warmth of nostalgia taste. fall of last year, we are still immersed in plain twill tweed that muffled among the sentimental, over a year, designers refined British style with a warm image, with the cascading fabric intertwined Check play is a nostalgic warmth this season.
Alexander McQueen this season's critically acclaimed stage that poetic environment, we can see a pattern of sight. melodious flute in the Scottish style, several Crimson Plaid Fashion Fit out of the court of fusion Victorian style, spread thick retro emotions, even a kind of distant cotton dragonfly mood, and that classic of the Check, more or less obscure punk reveal complex inner McQueen. jump off McQueen's fantasy world, come feel the warmth of cordial Check the true texture. Burberry Check timeless classic styles with neat practical British fashion has become meaningful identity; Dsquared to Check out the whims and simple shirt costume rural flavor, reminiscent of the Western pioneers of the free and easy uninhibited; Kenzo improvement in the national uniform wind and the wind in the design of mixed melting collage of Plaid tweed, the old clothes a little more flavor; Marc Jacobs with a grid what a pile of grain material from one of the most casual and comfortable warmth Ruanta brought Nordic quiet charm; and Michael Kors Plaid is given the young energetic, modern style in the city under the influence, Plaid also stylish and elegant.
When people are confused by the trend of his eyes, it may stop and an understanding of the beauty of timeless classics, those carrying the legacy of historical and ethnic elements, though not make you a fashion pioneer, but it also will not fade over time The following trends.
gem Guanghua
br> blatantly than in the previous quarter slightly chilled metal texture, light this season with an aristocratic temperament vividly retro table, glossy soft full, no airs of dazzling brilliance, but it kind of tough Danding power, can not be ignored. These gems from the color gloss, or tender and beautiful as the red garnet, or deep, such as emeralds, or shine, such as Bits of Gold, or rustic style, such as white hh-stricken but always remember to keep a noble calm look. The well-polished gem that traces of the years together with its branded in the China Guanghua gown on, added a fraction of the magnificent retro charm.
Dolce & Gabbana brought a wave of French imperial government, high waist retro line design, stone setting, and the floating metallic yarn embroidery, elements of the Napoleonic era palace turned into a bright and elegant Empire Guanghua; Roberto Cavalli style is still gorgeous, but this time the bright Guanghua been given the stability of convergence of Chinese , improved cheongsam style, Chinese hand-embroidered gold ornamental engraving, are so vivid and more refined details Cavalli; the same gorgeous route, Versace's style to look a little publicity, the modern girl of 80 years, highlight the rock era's character, constitute this season was even some loud gorgeous dazzling design; and focus on the performance Rochas gem that is the beauty of quiet elegance, glowing colors of crepe filled moonlight stack, just like the sky clouds, obscure poetry, can not match.
Discovering
white light in the midst of the splendor of the surging spring, the white bar to such a shining way into people's eyes, clean taste of the warm sun comes. and the black wave different from the previous quarter, as if this spring and summer those from the pure atmosphere of vitality and youth to re-gather, then white as the darling of designers, shine. white style just as much as any color: Alexander McQueen's white suffused with the Greek goddess of light, noble and holy ; Chanel design inlaid with or graceful or publicity may camellia flower decoration, signs revealing the elegance of delicate, pleasant; D & G will be interpreted sexy, tender and white, openwork lace corset with Ye Yan village women a combination of right together, the temptation is not full of vulgarity; Givenchy performance of clean lines with simple and elegant white, without any redundancy; and Kenzo is a sailor With deep feeling, bringing a casual but elegant clothing chain link fence weaving hh
Love like different layers of white surrounded them this spring and summer, passing flawless innocent feelings, not about innocence or Xijinqianhua simple, but the pursuit of a natural and peaceful agreeable mood. soft cotton cloth, pristine linen, light through the veil, romantic lace, gorgeous silk, stacking up a hotbed of soft, bright spring wanton growth.
new doctrine
layered mix & match may be derived from out naughty thoughts, perhaps examination own material to play with just the right color, or is there hope that this winter warmer to the touch, playing the level designers have stacked the game, inspired this season's trendy new wave cascading doctrine . sleeved + Sleeve + long-sleeved, waist and hip T-shirt + sweater + dresses, pants + trousers, skirts + pants, dresses + pencil skirt, dress + pants variety of seemingly bizarre hh combinations have become the season's most popular clothing T stage. In addition to style itself the length of the designers to give full play to the fabric texture and color with a grasp of the skill, structured, has caused tension without significant burden.
Chloe Cascading temperament style is pure and simple, loose cotton clothing with a fresh atmosphere and elegance of girl students in the outline, but the performance of the stack in the doctrine of and knitted material piling up from the LV rare soft and lazy, thick blend of warmth; Marc Jacobs has witnessed a Scandinavian style, the classic Scottish Plaid and woolen material in the warm earth tones cool mix of mature elegant gesture; Vivienne Westwood is designed to show wonderful break deconstruction practices, clothing or cloth in the mixed and the African rhythm of the original color, continue to Writing unruly street punk spirit.
desire Aegean
on clothing sleeve of a robe fluttering in the association is always somewhat dreamy, warm spring breeze while filling can be hypocritical expression has also been poised, agile flying this season from the banks of the mysterious land of the Aegean Greece mm. the Greek style of elegant dress like a goddess But not out of reach as high above, neo-classical low neckline and high waist Greece this season the most significant features of the wind, gypsum solid white or elegant silk, chiffon been widely used, low-key and dull metal color Zhongai for designers, has also joined the mosaic tile patterns, Wedgwood fine decorative ceramic-like pattern, or Yi edge printing and other details, highlight the women's delicate style; style, the most simple and not too much decoration, and learn from the Greek wound, wrap wrapped and oblique style design, and strive to soft, clean lines with the most women moving outline curve, noble and elegant yet subdued.
both the political style of Emperor Alexander McQueen's dazzling crystal wide waist, Balen-
ciaga strong decorative style of the sophistication, Emilio Pucci blue water, fresh and elegant, Roberto Cavalli, such as large Fangmei Yan gorgeous sunset, or cool shades Versace sexy and refined, the worth of clothing style eventually turned into one group sleeve of a robe fluttering in the Greek scene, With the romantic desire of the Aegean Sea, and the yearning for the beautiful goddess-like elegance, bringing Qing Wu flying season.
spring bloom in fields
tone seems to be relaxing, Remove the thick clothing, but also make Ukraine be bad bad mood aside. So designers have to lead us into a patch of breeze caresses flowers are blooming in the field between the natural atmosphere refreshing. flouncing , Puff, circle skirt, full of flavor these girls style rustic village is also a lot of the same elements, such as Anna Sui, Chloe's innocent girl, Kuanshu leisure Qunbaiyaoyao design a kind of awkward but cute. In addition to fresh and pleasant pastoral cause, have healthy sexy, with the natural qualities of gypsy girl has become a new season of Muse. like Dolce & Gabbana, Roberto Cavalli like girls, the Netherlands exposed side edge of the collar down slender shoulders, or wearing a bold lace corset style, or the white beige sling generous stack of small slips into a jacket to wear, the kind of sexy that comes out from the bones, no tweaks for the state and more attractive.
all kinds of flowers, insects, patterns, Country and folk customs of the Check printing, in cotton canvas, lay out the lightness of chiffon open countryside brilliant colorful scenery, the bright Jiaoqiao by Luca Luca attracted, but also with the vision of Kenzo Vietnam century nostalgic flavor, also a fan of the Jean Paul Gaultier's Russian folk customs, we have already put into the mood among the brilliant picture of the field. From the tranquil and pleasant to the eyes of the girl next door can not follow the Ye Yan girl, full of vitality The Tianyuan Chun full of light everywhere to filling, Jiyu booming out.
voices of flowers, elegant attitude
budding
metallic luster - the release of female light
Shuoshuo
large gold and silver color is certainly eye-catching use of gold and silver, sporadic dotted outline is the finishing touch, classic metallic yarn embroidery, beautifully delicate piece of gold beads decorated with stickers, or in the collar, belts, and other details Yibai decorated with gold and silver trim, with the rhythm of the body reflects the light and elegant. material performance is quite diverse, silk forging, gold and silver Lurex yarn, PVC, and stamping different texture enriched the connotation of gold and silver color scheme.
bright sunlight and bright with plenty of season, candy-like sweet romantic look can indeed express the mood of this season, but not flashing gold and silver themselves closer to the sun . high-profile or implied, and no choice-set, but every woman should have its own bright spot, is not it?
romantic longing for the spring flowers
the end of winter, always in a hurry to enter people's mind, as a representative of a new rotation, and the spirit of vigorous image. The vitality of spring and summer so can not be ignored, but also aroused the designers passion for tracing live life, then, colors, and flowers in this season T stage filling was full to the brim, brilliant mood also followed the opening to full bloom.
07 flowers in spring and summer seasons as complex as colorful, and some graceful and elegant, and some lively and imaginative, and some fine numerous, and some huge publicity, all kinds of colored printing, embroidery, lace composed of hh rich texture of different performance from the season surrounded by the romantic and tender and beautiful feminine qualities.
and designers are not satisfied with the performance forms of the plane, well playing with some layered, collage cut trick, so that flowers have become three-dimensional up, shoulders, chest, sleeve rings, skirt hh as long as the mood actions, one or a cluster of, lightweight fabrics and beautiful fold even It seems complicated level, it will not cause heavy feeling of redundancy, but the sweet Sweetie patterns Yang Kai, the breath of spring mounting a more vivid fragrance.
really can not resist the appeal of flowers, the romantic vision of spreading open. Not all of the seasons can have such vitality, whether it is quiet and determined manner, quietly open, or expressive, willful wanton flowers to bloom hh foil to overflowing emotions, just the sun, the mood is just right, may wish to begin a new encounter, in another round of appointments with the spring, re feeling romantic, feel alive.
sexy gentleman
neutral wind has been popular for several quarters, women have sex like this game quite this way, not so much excellent as their male colleagues of the very interesting topic ideas.
neutral dress this season, around the shirts, silk scarves, etc., gestures reveal a woman's unique soft and delicate, light and graceful. silk, especially the use of forging a recovery, smooth the skin, gorgeous textures bring out the noble and mature feminine charm, and unique silk forging Gloss is a reflection of restrained elegance gorgeous yet subdued atmosphere.
wide shaped neutral season, showing a tight one song two trends. or to the extreme of tailoring packages Futie female curves, narrow shoulders , slender waist shirt suit, narrow-leg pants with a slender, seemingly delicate and sensitive young profile, but it felt thin and self-confidence of women seriously; or fabric to create a comfortable and elegant shape of free and easy relaxed, casual models shirt suit with wide leg pants, or silk chiffon fabric multi-purpose, such as unruly joking women wear men's purpose is not to like men, but to the full achievement of female beauty. neckline open too low, too short trousers by some, may well be a way to increase sexy, but really sexy, even if wearing a simple white shirt, the same audience's soul.
Bright Future
60s last century, the fashion world in recent years had a tremendous impact. from the Pop Art, to the preppy trend, in 2007 spring and summer, Futurism came up to us and become a new trend of season benchmark. avant-garde designers of the passion was ignited, have spread a vision of the future picture to start, re-interpretation of the origin of the space in the 60's modern, creative The passion of innovation and futuristic as the crystallization of retro nostalgia.
metallic colors have been popular for several quarters, and finally shine in the spring and summer to flaunt the attitude of publicity from the avant-garde, especially the silver, and its futuristic modern light as the designer of choice. Burberry, Fendi, Celine, Stella McCartney, Dolce & Gabbana have created his own show to play the world dressed in white, although there is no fancy colors and complex decoration, tough and capable profile lines still showed a strong progressive force.
bright PVC fabric as the avant-garde's spokesman has thus been widely used in dress or accessories, and dyed a variety of bright colors, the publicity attracted exaggerated gloss All the fashionable people. As for new material to try, but also sufficient for designers to play with for a while. and full of psychedelic pop sense of geometric patterns, such as corrugated, the combination of wafer, etc., against the background of shiny fabrics are more and more the style of the future shows.
Now, space and high technology is not like that time is so mysterious is unknown, like the 60's designers describe creation out of science fiction-like future picture, it seems there fell a retro flavor. fashion is the way to and from the cycle to evolve in a spiral, gradually blurred the boundaries of time, only the eternal pursuit of beauty.
spring and summer mini-revival
07 T-units are so bright light, as if to erase the memory of all the dark clouds obscure the general, bringing wave after wave of brilliant youth unrest, while the mini-wave of 60's high-profile return and become a new season of sexy Declaration. out of your legs, Meaningful youth complex.
the name of the youth, despite the mini closer to thigh high, it will not be spawned on the erotic associations. This is more like nudity preached a bold and uninhibited attitude, because this youth-specific and appears increasingly willful innocence together. It was with this knowledge, the designer will be more for the length of the grasp of unscrupulous: starting from mid-thigh, reduced upwards, until approximate height of boxer swimwear.
together with the change in long clothing, as well as the proportion of the remodeling of the body. A-cut in the classic, based on the location of waist a little higher, but also a little; the thickness of the shoes improved some, but also a number of mm that cause the body to become more petite, but his legs were stretched in a more visually upright Qi long. whether it is sexy miniskirts hot rock style, the piece is pure classic preppy little dress, interpretation of the different styles of mini-switch freely, each one is unique personality of the youth style.
swinging 60's as a milestone in the history of fashion style of the period, the trend for the current impact is enormous. time handed down, not only mini-width or any other form of style, but also ways of thinking in China. willing to challenge and break, individuality and self, this optimism, confidence and spirit of exploration, has already gone beyond the mini skirt and wedge shoes themselves, with the evolution of the meaning.
about increasingly dynamic hot spring sun ignited the enthusiasm of designers ready to make the movement, or the increasingly thin clothes brand are the light induced stretch the life of longing, this spring and summer, full of dynamic movement of youth unrest quickly spread to the fashion industry, almost to the overheating. designers such as agreed well in general, have in the design of the new season by adding all kinds of sports elements, a highlight of the season full of personality.
typical three-striped sports shirt and trousers decorated, sports vest, rib shut leggings, hood hh elements of various sports in a rather low profile in dress above spring and summer of this year's modern elements, such as glossy PVC, silk forging material, capable of neutral dress or futuristic silver color, skillfully together, flying in the show inadvertently youthful vigor. This kind of is a windbreaker and shorts. shorts are cozy and comfortable style pack, poured a rich selection of material, cotton, linen and silk forging, or a new type of PVC material, it seems more lively and dazzling than ever before. windbreaker change is more certain, super- high waist short paragraph, sleeveless or short-sleeved crimping, transparent PVC material or shining gold and silver colors dazzle and drawstring detail and shut, etc., to coat a single product into the wild, with a fashionable sport temperament.
Yan is a young dynamic people envy it, to arouse the people to chase the hearts, even how bright Colorful eye-catching costumes, can not conceal this from the glory of life itself. Or, from another level , we can better understand the be fleeting. In fact, look at this trend in a number of seasons, the popular element, or tracked, such as the winter continued to play the , slipped out of a clear profile of obvious, it becomes ambiguous, crisp collar, shoulder decorated with badges, double-breasted, and the spirit of the waist belt, as a uniformed elements remain in the designs, but blurred the uniforms look like tough, melt mixed in among the various styles of dress, bears the imprint of a number of quite similar uniforms.
Balenciaga generals installed into the double-breasted and full of badges and other elements of the design of the equestrian competition atmosphere, fresh and simple and gives the female uniform curvature The clothing appeared on many occasions anchor pattern can be seen as a continuation of the spring and summer wave sailors; Dolce & Gabbana sights on the Napoleonic Empire period, Knight-like jacket, breeches meet a handsome classical European the aesthetic feeling of the people of war, gold buckle and waist chain empire more rich texture rendering; Kenzo retained the uniform of dark green color, to improve deformation and decorative Check, embroidered quilt, to lay a uniform profile Kenzo unique national brand; and Roberto Cavalli were decorated by gold and fur to the simple uniform brings gorgeous handsome and noble face hh
ambiguous uniform profile, dressed in our looming, perhaps, such a fuzzy to show that fashion attitude: smart, fashionable people who are not elements of the popular show to the extreme of.
elegant fur of fur in fashion, luxury has become the wild symbol, and this Winter seems to reverse the impression of fur boast, rigorous re-restrained elegance giving it meaning and character. This season's fur coat no matter the color or style is a lot of convergence, black, gray, earth tones so that the fur showing a calm attitude, also incorporated into the design of curved lines to dilute the soft fur of the Ye Yan edge, a little more Xiaojiabiyu Xianxiu. These soft, warm fur or improved more on the form of embellishment, collar, collar, sleeves side skirts, hem, sleeves side mounted, or made into cloak, sleeveless jacket, vest, fur skirt, with Eastern European-style classical charm, displaying the elegant style fur.
Celine by thin horizontal lines in the soft fur ring made of lead hedging waist coat, fit the models completely break the impression of thick fur bloated, this chic and elegant expression is rarely fur; Hermes to the classical taste of fur into their knight costumes, the British small cape, cardigan coat, wool scarf, or Ring of the villi, the color and style are very simple and elegant, while showing some nobility; Missoni's designs are more tender and lovely, the load side of exaggerated hair, girls flavor The short cape, then add the same color ribbon trim and bows, fur can be young and lively; LV fur design also spent a lot of thought and quiet low-key style is independent of color luxury and style of the brand outside Fur there, such as aprons, pockets, and elbow gloves specially designed for such a full design talent.
Check
have some feelings of warmth is hard to break away, such as those with a cozy warmth of nostalgia taste. fall of last year, we are still immersed in plain twill tweed that muffled among the sentimental, over a year, designers refined British style with a warm image, with the cascading fabric intertwined Check play is a nostalgic warmth this season.
Alexander McQueen this season's critically acclaimed stage that poetic environment, we can see a pattern of sight. melodious flute in the Scottish style, several Crimson Plaid Fashion Fit out of the court of fusion Victorian style, spread thick retro emotions, even a kind of distant cotton dragonfly mood, and that classic of the Check, more or less obscure punk reveal complex inner McQueen. jump off McQueen's fantasy world, come feel the warmth of cordial Check the true texture. Burberry Check timeless classic styles with neat practical British fashion has become meaningful identity; Dsquared to Check out the whims and simple shirt costume rural flavor, reminiscent of the Western pioneers of the free and easy uninhibited; Kenzo improvement in the national uniform wind and the wind in the design of mixed melting collage of Plaid tweed, the old clothes a little more flavor; Marc Jacobs with a grid what a pile of grain material from one of the most casual and comfortable warmth Ruanta brought Nordic quiet charm; and Michael Kors Plaid is given the young energetic, modern style in the city under the influence, Plaid also stylish and elegant.
When people are confused by the trend of his eyes, it may stop and an understanding of the beauty of timeless classics, those carrying the legacy of historical and ethnic elements, though not make you a fashion pioneer, but it also will not fade over time The following trends.
gem Guanghua
br> blatantly than in the previous quarter slightly chilled metal texture, light this season with an aristocratic temperament vividly retro table, glossy soft full, no airs of dazzling brilliance, but it kind of tough Danding power, can not be ignored. These gems from the color gloss, or tender and beautiful as the red garnet, or deep, such as emeralds, or shine, such as Bits of Gold, or rustic style, such as white hh-stricken but always remember to keep a noble calm look. The well-polished gem that traces of the years together with its branded in the China Guanghua gown on, added a fraction of the magnificent retro charm.
Dolce & Gabbana brought a wave of French imperial government, high waist retro line design, stone setting, and the floating metallic yarn embroidery, elements of the Napoleonic era palace turned into a bright and elegant Empire Guanghua; Roberto Cavalli style is still gorgeous, but this time the bright Guanghua been given the stability of convergence of Chinese , improved cheongsam style, Chinese hand-embroidered gold ornamental engraving, are so vivid and more refined details Cavalli; the same gorgeous route, Versace's style to look a little publicity, the modern girl of 80 years, highlight the rock era's character, constitute this season was even some loud gorgeous dazzling design; and focus on the performance Rochas gem that is the beauty of quiet elegance, glowing colors of crepe filled moonlight stack, just like the sky clouds, obscure poetry, can not match.
Discovering
white light in the midst of the splendor of the surging spring, the white bar to such a shining way into people's eyes, clean taste of the warm sun comes. and the black wave different from the previous quarter, as if this spring and summer those from the pure atmosphere of vitality and youth to re-gather, then white as the darling of designers, shine. white style just as much as any color: Alexander McQueen's white suffused with the Greek goddess of light, noble and holy ; Chanel design inlaid with or graceful or publicity may camellia flower decoration, signs revealing the elegance of delicate, pleasant; D & G will be interpreted sexy, tender and white, openwork lace corset with Ye Yan village women a combination of right together, the temptation is not full of vulgarity; Givenchy performance of clean lines with simple and elegant white, without any redundancy; and Kenzo is a sailor With deep feeling, bringing a casual but elegant clothing chain link fence weaving hh
Love like different layers of white surrounded them this spring and summer, passing flawless innocent feelings, not about innocence or Xijinqianhua simple, but the pursuit of a natural and peaceful agreeable mood. soft cotton cloth, pristine linen, light through the veil, romantic lace, gorgeous silk, stacking up a hotbed of soft, bright spring wanton growth.
new doctrine
layered mix & match may be derived from out naughty thoughts, perhaps examination own material to play with just the right color, or is there hope that this winter warmer to the touch, playing the level designers have stacked the game, inspired this season's trendy new wave cascading doctrine . sleeved + Sleeve + long-sleeved, waist and hip T-shirt + sweater + dresses, pants + trousers, skirts + pants, dresses + pencil skirt, dress + pants variety of seemingly bizarre hh combinations have become the season's most popular clothing T stage. In addition to style itself the length of the designers to give full play to the fabric texture and color with a grasp of the skill, structured, has caused tension without significant burden.
Chloe Cascading temperament style is pure and simple, loose cotton clothing with a fresh atmosphere and elegance of girl students in the outline, but the performance of the stack in the doctrine of and knitted material piling up from the LV rare soft and lazy, thick blend of warmth; Marc Jacobs has witnessed a Scandinavian style, the classic Scottish Plaid and woolen material in the warm earth tones cool mix of mature elegant gesture; Vivienne Westwood is designed to show wonderful break deconstruction practices, clothing or cloth in the mixed and the African rhythm of the original color, continue to Writing unruly street punk spirit.
desire Aegean
on clothing sleeve of a robe fluttering in the association is always somewhat dreamy, warm spring breeze while filling can be hypocritical expression has also been poised, agile flying this season from the banks of the mysterious land of the Aegean Greece mm. the Greek style of elegant dress like a goddess But not out of reach as high above, neo-classical low neckline and high waist Greece this season the most significant features of the wind, gypsum solid white or elegant silk, chiffon been widely used, low-key and dull metal color Zhongai for designers, has also joined the mosaic tile patterns, Wedgwood fine decorative ceramic-like pattern, or Yi edge printing and other details, highlight the women's delicate style; style, the most simple and not too much decoration, and learn from the Greek wound, wrap wrapped and oblique style design, and strive to soft, clean lines with the most women moving outline curve, noble and elegant yet subdued.
both the political style of Emperor Alexander McQueen's dazzling crystal wide waist, Balen-
ciaga strong decorative style of the sophistication, Emilio Pucci blue water, fresh and elegant, Roberto Cavalli, such as large Fangmei Yan gorgeous sunset, or cool shades Versace sexy and refined, the worth of clothing style eventually turned into one group sleeve of a robe fluttering in the Greek scene, With the romantic desire of the Aegean Sea, and the yearning for the beautiful goddess-like elegance, bringing Qing Wu flying season.
spring bloom in fields
tone seems to be relaxing, Remove the thick clothing, but also make Ukraine be bad bad mood aside. So designers have to lead us into a patch of breeze caresses flowers are blooming in the field between the natural atmosphere refreshing. flouncing , Puff, circle skirt, full of flavor these girls style rustic village is also a lot of the same elements, such as Anna Sui, Chloe's innocent girl, Kuanshu leisure Qunbaiyaoyao design a kind of awkward but cute. In addition to fresh and pleasant pastoral cause, have healthy sexy, with the natural qualities of gypsy girl has become a new season of Muse. like Dolce & Gabbana, Roberto Cavalli like girls, the Netherlands exposed side edge of the collar down slender shoulders, or wearing a bold lace corset style, or the white beige sling generous stack of small slips into a jacket to wear, the kind of sexy that comes out from the bones, no tweaks for the state and more attractive.
all kinds of flowers, insects, patterns, Country and folk customs of the Check printing, in cotton canvas, lay out the lightness of chiffon open countryside brilliant colorful scenery, the bright Jiaoqiao by Luca Luca attracted, but also with the vision of Kenzo Vietnam century nostalgic flavor, also a fan of the Jean Paul Gaultier's Russian folk customs, we have already put into the mood among the brilliant picture of the field. From the tranquil and pleasant to the eyes of the girl next door can not follow the Ye Yan girl, full of vitality The Tianyuan Chun full of light everywhere to filling, Jiyu booming out.
voices of flowers, elegant attitude
budding
metallic luster - the release of female light
Thursday, February 17, 2011
Slowly changing
For a new hairstyle, in general quite satisfactory, the harvest still quite good ... when the hair stylist asked me what kind of hair, I am confused. In recent years, hair Zhangchangduanduan, curved straight, to and fro do not know for how many times, but until now I do not know what kind of hair in the end be more suitable for me? just have a subconscious intention: long hair floated around his waist, wrapped my gentle, because there is enough patience and perseverance, so now the length of the shoulder-length, but only, I often think about here, there are some regrets. stylist has yet to get involved, he said to me: whether it is hair length, or curved or straight should be based on their hair and their own temperament, personal preferences should be based on their needs ... listening to these words, my heart stops for a beat. I am pleased to smile, put his own hair to take care of him any, the original trust also make their feelings beauty. my hair particularly dry, especially the fine hair, soft, fragile, easily broken, and the brown, long ; lying on the back of the head, no sense of beauty; my face is very small and thin, slightly cheekbones, you need to balance both sides of the face amount of the hair line, not suitable for the now popular BABY head. does not fit I do not want When the trace of the falling hair, I think, inappropriate to throw away what it should be brave, just like the extra length of hair, cut it will make you more relaxed, comfortable and cozy, especially in the feel. the right hair makes you look more refreshed, the right dress makes you look more graceful, appropriate shoes, and you will walking easier and more comfortable ...
I do not go blindly in pursuit of long- hair fluttering, shaking his skirt, or vigorous and resolute, hard-edged, I'm going to find their own beauty, the unique qualities I ... I want to stay fit, and they like their hair, I wear for yourself and your favorite clothes, I want to have for yourself and your love life! do what you like and competent work, to their favorite and the economic capacity to withstand the local travel, do you like yourself, and you love and who love themselves both feel like it!
I do not go blindly in pursuit of long- hair fluttering, shaking his skirt, or vigorous and resolute, hard-edged, I'm going to find their own beauty, the unique qualities I ... I want to stay fit, and they like their hair, I wear for yourself and your favorite clothes, I want to have for yourself and your love life! do what you like and competent work, to their favorite and the economic capacity to withstand the local travel, do you like yourself, and you love and who love themselves both feel like it!
Wednesday, February 16, 2011
Written before the reflections of life in the Tanabata (Zhuantie ~ do not know what the original cattle)
Live your life,
0-year-old appearance,
10 years of age have grown up;
20 for the love loss;
30 basic orientation;
40 beating Chuang;
50 looked round; < br> 60 to grow old and return home;
70 rubbing mahjong;
80 sun;
90 lying on the bed;
100 hanging on the wall ...
born great, dead too sad! So please eat the food, the drink to drink, failing not to put my heart; wash the bath, looking at the table, comfortable second is the second time ..
to hand, do not just shoulder side by side, to embrace the time, do not just hand in hand, can be together, please do not be easily separated!
I wish you a Happy Valentine's Day Lunar July 7 ~ ~
0-year-old appearance,
10 years of age have grown up;
20 for the love loss;
30 basic orientation;
40 beating Chuang;
50 looked round; < br> 60 to grow old and return home;
70 rubbing mahjong;
80 sun;
90 lying on the bed;
100 hanging on the wall ...
born great, dead too sad! So please eat the food, the drink to drink, failing not to put my heart; wash the bath, looking at the table, comfortable second is the second time ..
to hand, do not just shoulder side by side, to embrace the time, do not just hand in hand, can be together, please do not be easily separated!
I wish you a Happy Valentine's Day Lunar July 7 ~ ~
Tuesday, February 15, 2011
Wander deep in the art world - a new interpretation of a gentleman living Roewe
British poet TS Eliot once said: means rearranged the entire market.
A new way of life --- people, vehicles, and life harmony gentleman lived.
Art depths of man - the His pedigree is born destined to temperament and the rich connotation, the pursuit of taste and innovative social enterprise groups, have a proper name may be - the , gentle, humility and respect for women, to judge matters calmly and objectively, there are non-distinct boundaries and sense of propriety; try to avoid violence and rude behavior, even though special circumstances, must confront when they seek fair competition, and everything is influenced by long-term immediately after reflecting from the heart.
21 century China by the Eastern and Western traditional gentry transmission, transformation, combined with new groups emerging gentry, the elite group with a long years of China Life
vibrant , love of faith appeal; their attitude to life seriously, but not rigidly adhere to old gentleman too stringent fetters is issued, so adventurous and agile; they are extracted from the wisdom of reading and thinking, to adjust the physical and mental balance; they have social responsibility, good at creating mood. But they do not really conscious, since he woke up, no clear identity.
Roewe 750 may be the emergence of a group of people wake up.
may be > Arts cars deep - for the Chinese --- unique characteristics of cigar-type body, with a line change in a classic, modern beauty of the perfect unity of the flow line. a line drawing from European classical note, giving the classic sense; streamline fully into account the concept of beauty the feelings of those who see him at first to feel the meaning and humility, the perfect combination of art and technology is the best example.
the same time, the Roewe advanced vehicle technology widely used in Europe, such as the use of aircraft-grade aluminum alloy casting engine , a collection of cutting-edge technology in Europe a number of chassis, GOOD YEAR proud tailored Gateway 750 W-class 215 limited capabilities, while at the same level as the Roewe 750 in the first car equipped with one of Europe's six most advanced active safety systems (ABS + EBD + CBC + MSR + TCS + VSC), and is standard on all models, which is currently the world's most advanced security systems.
as a car, the Roewe 750 will also be cultural atmosphere and a gentleman in them and . gentleman's demeanor reflected in the cultural atmosphere and a high degree of social responsibility and being considerate of others everywhere. environmentally friendly materials, a large number of applications, further demonstrating the gentleman style Roewe 750; to enjoy the driving pleasure, while driving and will environment to minimize the impact.
China, that is particularly important, SAIC Roewe's
A new way of life --- people, vehicles, and life harmony gentleman lived.
Art depths of man - the His pedigree is born destined to temperament and the rich connotation, the pursuit of taste and innovative social enterprise groups, have a proper name may be - the , gentle, humility and respect for women, to judge matters calmly and objectively, there are non-distinct boundaries and sense of propriety; try to avoid violence and rude behavior, even though special circumstances, must confront when they seek fair competition, and everything is influenced by long-term immediately after reflecting from the heart.
21 century China by the Eastern and Western traditional gentry transmission, transformation, combined with new groups emerging gentry, the elite group with a long years of China Life
vibrant , love of faith appeal; their attitude to life seriously, but not rigidly adhere to old gentleman too stringent fetters is issued, so adventurous and agile; they are extracted from the wisdom of reading and thinking, to adjust the physical and mental balance; they have social responsibility, good at creating mood. But they do not really conscious, since he woke up, no clear identity.
Roewe 750 may be the emergence of a group of people wake up.
may be > Arts cars deep - for the Chinese --- unique characteristics of cigar-type body, with a line change in a classic, modern beauty of the perfect unity of the flow line. a line drawing from European classical note, giving the classic sense; streamline fully into account the concept of beauty the feelings of those who see him at first to feel the meaning and humility, the perfect combination of art and technology is the best example.
the same time, the Roewe advanced vehicle technology widely used in Europe, such as the use of aircraft-grade aluminum alloy casting engine , a collection of cutting-edge technology in Europe a number of chassis, GOOD YEAR proud tailored Gateway 750 W-class 215 limited capabilities, while at the same level as the Roewe 750 in the first car equipped with one of Europe's six most advanced active safety systems (ABS + EBD + CBC + MSR + TCS + VSC), and is standard on all models, which is currently the world's most advanced security systems.
as a car, the Roewe 750 will also be cultural atmosphere and a gentleman in them and . gentleman's demeanor reflected in the cultural atmosphere and a high degree of social responsibility and being considerate of others everywhere. environmentally friendly materials, a large number of applications, further demonstrating the gentleman style Roewe 750; to enjoy the driving pleasure, while driving and will environment to minimize the impact.
China, that is particularly important, SAIC Roewe's
Monday, February 14, 2011
Love roses have to wait
I love roses and other
walk in a desert, no one I hide in the corner of misty legend
I heard who was flying over the freedom of wind and a sky full of songs
Love is not enough alone withered flowers
I pray the same commitment to comfort the hearts of who is hungry
I want to fly forward, etc. I love the roses to be placed hidden heart
The flower
If you give me a real comfort
I had to show me the beauty of your
I was injured by the wind rose
hot tears in the eyes lies the city
too much behind the illusory comfort
perfect
who saw the heartbreak of dry gentle
pay me gently how many people have all the reasons
devout prayer for love who does not desire
flowers fall for ever and ever
I'm afraid the wind or the dark pupil of the eye through a sky full of loneliness
not withered flowers
love I pray the same commitment to comfort the hearts of
who is hungry < br> Who have never been hurt
but we still have to continue to find true love or else there would be Failure
is worth to you we look forward to
afraid I do not have with you Looking back you comfort you until you find the true meaning of love
be happy to pay the original you'll know everything is worth
I want to fly forward, etc. I love the rose
to be put in mind of the flower hidden
If you give me a real comfort
I had to show me the beauty of your
I was injured by the wind rose
hot tears in the eyes lies the city too much
Perfect behind the illusory comfort
who saw the heartbreak
gentle
pay dry gently reason I have had many people
devout prayer for love who does not desire to forever
I'm afraid of deep eye
flowers fall for or I want to fly forward, etc. I love to be hidden heart rose
flower
if you put a real comfort to me I had to
You have to show me the beauty of
I was injured by the wind rose
hot tears in the eyes lies the city
much behind the illusory comfort
the perfect city to see the heartbreak
too many behind the illusory comfort
saw the heartbreak
perfect
walk in a desert, no one I hide in the corner of misty legend
I heard who was flying over the freedom of wind and a sky full of songs
Love is not enough alone withered flowers
I pray the same commitment to comfort the hearts of who is hungry
I want to fly forward, etc. I love the roses to be placed hidden heart
The flower
If you give me a real comfort
I had to show me the beauty of your
I was injured by the wind rose
hot tears in the eyes lies the city
too much behind the illusory comfort
perfect
who saw the heartbreak of dry gentle
pay me gently how many people have all the reasons
devout prayer for love who does not desire
flowers fall for ever and ever
I'm afraid the wind or the dark pupil of the eye through a sky full of loneliness
not withered flowers
love I pray the same commitment to comfort the hearts of
who is hungry < br> Who have never been hurt
but we still have to continue to find true love or else there would be Failure
is worth to you we look forward to
afraid I do not have with you Looking back you comfort you until you find the true meaning of love
be happy to pay the original you'll know everything is worth
I want to fly forward, etc. I love the rose
to be put in mind of the flower hidden
If you give me a real comfort
I had to show me the beauty of your
I was injured by the wind rose
hot tears in the eyes lies the city too much
Perfect behind the illusory comfort
who saw the heartbreak
gentle
pay dry gently reason I have had many people
devout prayer for love who does not desire to forever
I'm afraid of deep eye
flowers fall for or I want to fly forward, etc. I love to be hidden heart rose
flower
if you put a real comfort to me I had to
You have to show me the beauty of
I was injured by the wind rose
hot tears in the eyes lies the city
much behind the illusory comfort
the perfect city to see the heartbreak
too many behind the illusory comfort
saw the heartbreak
perfect
Sunday, February 13, 2011
Not allowed to go back - this is the true crash moment
Seventeen years old, my favorite Sophie Marceau and Marceau mm as the pure; twenty-five years old, favorite Monica Bellucci mm I do not pure, and Monica are So hot. thirty year old, on the big screen saw Sophie Marceau and Monica Bellucci co-stars in the film beautiful youth, who was brilliant in the face, flashing eyes clear, uh, and the body, body parts, how timely and comfort was in my youth ah. What people can not turn back, gratuitous think Duras the name of the piece: I think you are more beautiful than the young, then you are a young woman, with your face when compared to much I love you now face years of devastation mm, of course, she was not both So serious were the seasoned hh
patronize the years it has changed the beautiful feeling, so I ignored the movie itself. this movie, enough so that I can not understand. in front of 80% of the content I have confusedly. Fortunately, I also visit IQ is even Lurgi look, that is, become the heroine feel change the way, is has been real. and Sophie Marceau began to emerge, that is, that gradual changes in the way is the imaginary Well. So a little bit around, the simple point that is: us what is illusion, but illusion is Benxiang mm by, or a bit around, no way, this is a movie mm the film around the front of the cushion is too long , is simply boring, those supernatural thriller shot and the soundtrack is more important the extent of this discomfort. never seen, and sister to the two stars of the complex did not like me, just do not read. This movie is basically trick, neither moving nor touching. just because the relationship between order of appearance, making the relationship a bit Physiognomy and inverted vision, this misleading the audience, which makes quite like a European art film of bad stew. ah, or, This has always been a bad stew art films, there is a lot like the problem. Looking back, Sophie Marceau and Monica Bellucci in the movie, in fact, most of them are so boring movie. like her two, but also because the Look, if it is DVD, I would have fast-forward play or simply do not read. But I think out of the cinema version is abridged many, Sophie Marceau and Monica Bellucci in accordance with unrestrained pride has always been the way number, how can children be so subtle health should do the whole film Sophie Marceau can not only one second glimpse of the leak lens, it would be me in the cinema to see the largest scale of the bar exposed. In When the cinema, but also thinking about getting a heart to see the full version, but now think are nothing, and Both of these sisters of the fruit body, I was the one not just see, do not hang out for a few minutes , go over the boring story of the bear.
movie camera has a crash, or the very real, it all reminds me of last night, I encountered a taxi Cry. I watched his ride The car crashed into the taxi parked in front. I also experienced the passenger rear-end several times, and yesterday was the most serious one. really scared a little bit stupid. Fortunately, no damage to my person. off to see, bumper are broken into several pieces, the front also seriously deflated the inside, hit the night of the owner holds a few tickets, so that taxi drivers have to pay his first ticket money. confused two people pulling together full. I put ten dollars on the taxi dashboard, had their own way home. days Kelian Jian, ah, incident at the Port in the road viaduct, you want to call a car is impossible task. Well, this is my bother anyone do?
write to you, suddenly feel that this film is not so bad ah, or a little bit memorable, and now this moment, I am reminded of the movie, two people sitting in front of the computer laptop that four hands shot out, or very attractive thing.
ah, this is not the worst I've seen the 2010 movie,
patronize the years it has changed the beautiful feeling, so I ignored the movie itself. this movie, enough so that I can not understand. in front of 80% of the content I have confusedly. Fortunately, I also visit IQ is even Lurgi look, that is, become the heroine feel change the way, is has been real. and Sophie Marceau began to emerge, that is, that gradual changes in the way is the imaginary Well. So a little bit around, the simple point that is: us what is illusion, but illusion is Benxiang mm by, or a bit around, no way, this is a movie mm the film around the front of the cushion is too long , is simply boring, those supernatural thriller shot and the soundtrack is more important the extent of this discomfort. never seen, and sister to the two stars of the complex did not like me, just do not read. This movie is basically trick, neither moving nor touching. just because the relationship between order of appearance, making the relationship a bit Physiognomy and inverted vision, this misleading the audience, which makes quite like a European art film of bad stew. ah, or, This has always been a bad stew art films, there is a lot like the problem. Looking back, Sophie Marceau and Monica Bellucci in the movie, in fact, most of them are so boring movie. like her two, but also because the Look, if it is DVD, I would have fast-forward play or simply do not read. But I think out of the cinema version is abridged many, Sophie Marceau and Monica Bellucci in accordance with unrestrained pride has always been the way number, how can children be so subtle health should do the whole film Sophie Marceau can not only one second glimpse of the leak lens, it would be me in the cinema to see the largest scale of the bar exposed. In When the cinema, but also thinking about getting a heart to see the full version, but now think are nothing, and Both of these sisters of the fruit body, I was the one not just see, do not hang out for a few minutes , go over the boring story of the bear.
movie camera has a crash, or the very real, it all reminds me of last night, I encountered a taxi Cry. I watched his ride The car crashed into the taxi parked in front. I also experienced the passenger rear-end several times, and yesterday was the most serious one. really scared a little bit stupid. Fortunately, no damage to my person. off to see, bumper are broken into several pieces, the front also seriously deflated the inside, hit the night of the owner holds a few tickets, so that taxi drivers have to pay his first ticket money. confused two people pulling together full. I put ten dollars on the taxi dashboard, had their own way home. days Kelian Jian, ah, incident at the Port in the road viaduct, you want to call a car is impossible task. Well, this is my bother anyone do?
write to you, suddenly feel that this film is not so bad ah, or a little bit memorable, and now this moment, I am reminded of the movie, two people sitting in front of the computer laptop that four hands shot out, or very attractive thing.
ah, this is not the worst I've seen the 2010 movie,
Friday, February 11, 2011
Way back years of stock market (4)
July 1, 1999, the adjustment. Hunan Warren Qiu Liyuan magazine also said: , reckons, he lists a set of data, that 98 years worth of GDP, of about eight trillion yuan, and 99 years in June on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock turnover amounted to about one trillion yuan, equivalent to eight the total value of GDP one. speculative excess will lead to bubble burst. If I'm on the stock market are more sensitive to the bottom of each, then top each time I come out relatively slow. But Nguyen wah article reminded me, and deep-technology shares fell sharply. Although I still believe that this adjustment is the long-term upward trend up to mid-level adjustments in the trend, but my value has dropped from a peak of 20% of my trading system also prompted the stock to sell I want to out, in order to keep the fruits of victory, let me millions Fujie title worthy of the name, I am selling 30 yuan to deep technology, and short positions rest.
after I think I finally mastered the stock market's holy grail. If I can buy on the development of 96,97 to make money are dead rat blind cat encountered luck, after 97 to 99 years in the second half of the first half of this period of time facing the wall hard training I felt has been transformed. I understood the policy, not to master the stock market trends can be compared to the general investors. And, I have my own battle-proven trading system of body, deep technology can prove a successful speculation I am not what, 93 years in the stock market is no longer a smear on the Huangmaoyatou the eyes. After 5,6 years of long and arduous journey, I finally went from the stock market in the stock market entrance hall! I doing it again committed, very proud, wherever the face is an upstart.
I finally all the conditions in the stock market reached the ears of the unit leaders. led to my success in the stock market is interested in While I was on maternity leave, did not work, he called me to go flat, detail in my examination of the situation on the stock market. several times met, he told me the mysterious, the unit has a sum of money to be handed over to I went to play the stock market, and if profits, I can make a profit of 15%; if a loss, I must bear the loss of 15%; if the principal amount of the loss 15%, to end all operations.
; I almost said yes without thinking.
months, long-term upward trend in average display it well, and short-term moving average is also facing Jin Cha, right now is the time to buy stocks! a soft spot for high-tech sector. At that time the network has been very popular, and many listed companies have dug out from the bottom of genealogy and network information for their own related to him. My brother is also a geek, often at home to my tutorial in this area knowledge. But I have no interest in the network, see the United States, Yahoo, Amazon without any results that support the enterprise, the share price will be multiplied exponentially soaring actually, I feel weird. In my mind, but the maturity of the U.S. stock market , standardized representative, did not think once the crazy, the Chinese stock market suddenly pale into insignificance.
I decided to buy a performance of traditional industry support of high-tech stocks. I chose Shenzhen stock market in Zhongguancun. Zhongguancun, the predecessor Joan public source license was suspended because of false accounting over two and a half years, after the reorganization, on July 99 Zhongguancun Science and Technology Development transforming itself into a company limited by shares listed in Shenzhen Stock Exchange. We all agree that it is Space rich. Technology is such deep )...... the reason I buy a lot, and now everything is ready, only a buy signal of the trading system.
only a few days, the Commission issued a notice to allowing state-owned enterprises into the market. heard the news I think God helps me make a fortune simply too. Shanghai and Shenzhen stock market, and Zhongguancun also rose. Although my trading system has not issued buy signals, I can not wait around in the 20 yuan Jiancang third. A week later, Zhongguancun sideways to ignore the broader market adjustment, continue to rise, my trading system is a buy signal, so I bought another in the vicinity of 22 per one-third. Zhongguancun price and volume to co-ordinate well, continue to rise, after a few days more than 23 yuan in my warehouse full price.
I just turned positions, Zhongguancun sideways adjustment began. And I thought the broader market does not appear to be favorable policies to stimulate re-adjustment after the end of the upward move of the trend, on the contrary, the broader market down Powei. I began to feel uneasy, feeling like back in 95 years they misappropriated the money for the development of L when the sister scenarios, but I did not issue a sell signal trading system. is feel or believe that their own trading system? I am very contradictory. Finally, I decided to believe the trading system, after all, is the result of battle-tested trading system, free from emotional disturbance. not to mention the broader market may be doing the bear trap.
But a few days began to drop in Zhongguancun. trading system sends signals to lighten up, and I'll lighten up a third of the 21 yuan. lighten up just ended up in Zhongguancun has stabilized, I did not go catching, after years of exercise, the face I will not be missed impetuous, and I know that the most critical shot after the wrong is to calm down and re-examine the situation, look at their strengths and weaknesses. my hands, two thirds of the chips there should not be anxious, etc. It really break up the position no later than the previous high plus.
after a few days with the broader market fell again in Zhongguancun, trading prompted short positions. fell below its previous low, I did not hesitate to sell all. not only because the transaction must comply with discipline, but also to remedy the situation with my view on the fundamentals of Zhongguancun. a few months ago I found a magazine, Zhongguancun is the main industry, a real estate company, which said it was ; high-tech judged too optimistic. I highly dependent on policy, too obsessed with policy, not taken into account when the policy will have failed. If the policy of the time and location of the introduction of outdated and counterproductive. There is my company's fundamentals too sloppy to understand that if I spend more time viewing it's fundamentals, I would not buy such a pseudo-high-tech company's stock.
I found the cause of the failure, we began to settle down, look in the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock market The new target tracking.
My goal is still locked in the traditional blue-chip high-tech industry, stock body. I bought a lot of securities newspapers and magazines, to collect information on the fundamentals of listed companies and the industry fundamentals of the article, and sorted stored in the folder. At that time the magazine had introduced non-ferrous metals in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock market listed companies feature articles, I also retained, after several years of attention, the second half of 2003 involved non-ferrous metal plate I low Shigekura , profit a lot of money. I Jiancang non-ferrous metal plates and information in the forum, while the analog operation of buying copper are copper, has been quietly holding, unfortunately, and information forum for a variety of reasons investors have not lost patience Note.
me after repeated screening phase of the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock market, a well-recognized high-tech blue-chip electronics Shareholders. Dongfang Electronics fundamentals of good nature I do not have more words, but the key is just like it except I have the right to , deep technology Tianquan market success I did, so the back is a choice whether or East Zhongguancun electronics, my thoughts are �:�«��ư.
from the end of the year has become increasingly closer, I worry that money should lead take it back, asked him to call. Results matter, he said, allow me to continue to use the money. I worry, and began to slowly positions. large amount of funds, until the system is clearly a buy signal then Jiancang No, only one step ahead action.
Jiancang not yet completed, the leadership suddenly called me and said to give the money back. I like being punched severely hit the spot, a half-day wake up to. I just get through a huge staff Dongfang Electronics the impact of market share, its stock price is still low, this time to sell, not only to a loss of money units, according to prior agreement, I have to compensate the total loss of 15%! but I have no way secretly to the leadership of eighteen times on behalf of ancestors do not curse, can only sell shares vomiting blood.
2000 In the first opening, the stock market led to usher in a network of high-tech turmoil. listed OCS busy, whether true or false, as long as the name of James word on the digital or network, the stock will skyrocket. paying the money on my own top of Dongfang Electronics, though not the network concept, whatever the outcome, wearing hats with blue-chip high-tech, the share price from 14 yuan to 45 yuan, but also scenery the last time. and so it fell to 30 yuan from 45 yuan, I sold all. I'll not only make money back to the unit, as well as extra profit.
electronic performance of the East was the truth by the media to expose fraud , although I do buy the shares it has in the past, or be cold sweats! of survival in China's stock market environment is too bad, all kinds of traps clouds, to When the meaning of blindly copying the masters to learn the books of the classic concept of investment, it will only harm to others.
2000 fiscal year is my valet most of the year. because it involves too many people and things, I do not want specific described. I only talk about the results: hard one year, ��:��ˮһ����. Although some successful operations, such as the hot stock market saw my leadership, but also my unit manipulator, when the Internet market has been at low tide, I'll buy units of Dongfeng Motor, May 5 yuan more than the price in, September 7 yuan more than the price of it, and then again in November the price of 7 yuan more than in, the second year in July from 10 yuan in the vicinity ...... but not every transaction can be so successful, because money is others, the failure of fair to very unhappy customers, customers who often do not understand the stock market, he only looked at his short-term account increase and decrease the money to determine my success or failure. is often a normal callback that will make them panic, desperate to call me, I need not stop to explain, and obviously no peace. In order to avoid interference, I unplug the phone line at home, do not deserve the phone. The key is, I am subject to the use of funds time! time to become a straitjacket on my head, so I increased the pressure.
as a unit of Trader's sake, I can do not go to work and receive wages as usual. I got into the big room, but the big room environment, I could not, fresh for a while, I still go back home. I do not like to read the tape during the day to sleep; night we all slept, I was full of energy sitting in the library watching the stock, Ye Youshen general shuttle in the study, living room, kitchen, dining room, between the garden.
the relationship between husband and I are very nervous, my accepted. He felt very foolish I financing agency, I'm ambitious but also so that he can not stand the way. We often quarrel, at daggers drawn.
this life lasted a year, until after the end of 2000, I realized private Province is a dead end, and slowly retreated. fluctuated my own money a year, year-end close to a Red Star. Fortunately, it was in 2000, the overall trend of good, if not I have received fast chips, to continue on behalf of the VIP banking go on, in 2001 - early 2003's bear market, I may be the fourth time bankrupt.
degree of sunset red. hair chiao islet on the river fishing, spring moon used to look. pot liquor Happy Encounter, capital stock (past and present) the number of things, have to pay jokes. .
private is very poor, holding the dubious from a variety of channels (diversion, the case of loans up to) funds to the stock and futures markets fight, with his life and time to race, gamble. but you never not know when the market will be as you expected performance. Typically, the market will not refuse your prayer, but will delay fulfilling it! numerous agencies, brokers, shareholders are therefore fall. First of all their funds improper source, subject to time constraints, they can not control the market followed the trend, the end result of time able to escape punishment, have ended in failure. It is also overcomes.
raised funds, but not much better, Although the bullet raised funds sufficient, without limit of time (relatively speaking), but the raised funds are institutional problems of fatal injuries, personnel changes often make short-sighted bosses, for their own interests when the interests and achievements in office, once the emperor a courtier, is not conducive to the cultivation of the Fund and implement the investment philosophy. not to mention a variety of Rat rampant within the Fund, or and private collaboration in the stock so high when the pick up plate defects.
in the securities industry, the real concept of a master is to rely on winning! whether Buffett, Peter. Lynch, John. Bo Geer, or Soros, and their common feature is the stock market as a testing ground for their ideas, and long-term adherence and, ultimately, Success!
China is not the lack of large institutional investors, but the lack of professional investment institutions. The difference is obvious. The former policy of relying on significant financial and information superiority, the latter need to be professional investment philosophy and approach, and must be several decades of the stick.
China has done the best in professional investment institutions, I personally think that Harry investment. Over the years, they insist the investment philosophy is very successful in the secondary market. their life do share very low-key, from the wrong hero. buy the stock and the price is forgotten by the public at a low bit. After a thorough investigation in detail, once the holder to insist Aoyama do not relax, the stock can not rise unswervingly adhere to a few years and can affect the strength of their own business. until their stocks have a certain increase slowly, they are not greedy, not swagger to themselves one step ahead calmly exit. the one hand, the last paragraph of the most difficult nut to give other agencies to make a fortune, to be a hero, completely avoiding harm to innocent people shipping difficulties, the other funds in hand, can continue to maintain our edge, fame and fortune double income.
Intuit is not who wins it measures, wins have been losers as well. so and skilled persons, invincible, and yet the enemy of the loser. seven feet high over the fence, we need to go around looking for easy to step over the foot high security fence. Or Qilu Petrochemical 2003, Wuhan Iron and Steel shares are cheap early sneak in, and then in the middle of quiet out rally, the final glory and failure to leave to others.
China has done the worst in professional investment organization, I Delong personally think it is. They practice exactly the opposite Harry, and bright, in the end the hero has suffered.
in recent years to jump from behind the front Down brothers everywhere show the great achievements Delong, please books were written Biography story to write about the heroes Delong, gold plated abroad, with the international management consulting firm known cast ogle, and then get QFII holding hands, so that the skin of water ran out of stock analysts Zatanzatan spirit of patriotism and for Delong China's national industry's determination to struggle for life, talk about Deron Department of the few stocks on the secondary market to have investment value, and now the value of million to buy thousands of value ..... show bigger and bigger, do not know can not adhere to the China's stock market completely open day Warren Buffett took large amount of money you can buy an equity line to cheer Delong? or stick to the Chinese stock market that day to be fictitious short their stock?
remember that the Chinese Mu Qizhong richest man is so great cause, for a blow to the Himalayan mountains, one will go to the acquisition of Bank of America, to put a satellite into space for a while and eventually sent to prison himself to sleep. Delong dove drink thirst quencher, not only the hands of individual investors do not want to let go a little silver pieces, it is hoped that through a variety of things to show a variety of units and agencies, including institutions of foreign money sucked into his body, as ; Xixingtaifa method . Results Almost all people are trying to do was come to the same fate. They went bankrupt. sad thing is the world ah.
Deron Williams, all the way.
Valet year in my career reflection and summary of financial management in the end of 2000.
2000 the stock market is the most exciting topic to see 2000 points in 2000; most fascinating topic is to be launched in Shenzhen GEM; the most promising topic of placement of shares traded transfer; the most sensational topic of short-term master stone to open the myth; most exciting topic is the implementation of stock-secured loan programs; the most sensitive The topic of shady fund; topic is the most helpless down and die Zhengbaiwen ......< br> Year after year, end of the piece were hard to loose.
just into the new millennium, the stock analysts who storm .....is not small is good, is good! stock market is a barometer of the national economy, so the stock market should continue to rise, rise. All stock is a good thing, worthy of the major interest groups advocating !When evenly matched with each other, hard to up and down when the retail investors who may be the world. and the flames that burned hand to throw the fireball, so that we catch, and himself out of danger.
remember the time I wrote In a famous article published in the journal of securities. But I am nameless magazine famous, so my article was the old series were large segment deletion. I wrote in the article it all :It can not be optimistic, it can not ignore the cruelty of the adjustment and persistence. late Professor Wu Jinglian, the talk of regulation and activities, manage and only time to escape the majority of individual investors and some institutions making. At this time, not the most difficult to grasp the trend of the broader market and individual stocks, but investors own mind. maintain a normal, proper treatment of adjustment, not impulsive, not luck, remember that cash is king l r, certain things have to have. until the people lost on the stock market patience and confidence in the day, do a warrior, into the battlefield! adjustment comes, it must take a rest.
Since that time, I decided not to write articles to newspapers and magazines published. Diandaqike, people under the eaves, how can we not bow. situation is stronger now than people , untouchables to escape it.
not easy to write articles, write in the article is also easy to exit the stock market closed. not easy to practice what they preach is the article inside and outside, not only said, still do. I myself can not do all of the funds to exit the stock market.
I left some finishing touches financing agency also did not finish projects, especially in units of money, go buy a good Dongfeng Motor, trading system has been prompted shares, I can not because of that . finally decided to follow the trend of the trading system in accordance with the sell signal issued to operate.
My brother saw me feed the dog at home all day doing nothing watching DVDs flowers, give me my offer advice: fun. There are many financial securities of domestic sites, you can publish in the forum post, no one deletion of your post. The most famous adventure about pirates and treasure stories, I feel like a small sea pirates share leader.) began in the major securities removed from the site. was one of my favorite sites to the 0578 Forum in Qinghai to the Securities and know where a few good friends, and later closed when the Qinghai Securities Forum 0578, they became the first islanders to stay Treasure Island. One of them is called Xin Tian's sister, helped me greatly in with her Network access to the day every day, she snow smart, talented, fascinating and charming yet subtle wisdom of life willing to dull me, I finally realized that stock market is doing just live an offshoot of the art, the greatest happiness is to keep his to maintain a balance! Whatever it shares or man, should be so.
elders in my house there are many good people, my parents are intellectuals, in their respective areas of work is an expert authority. I grew up was taught to strive for immoderation ideas, so strong is better, both in the student practicing martial arts school or a school dance after winning the provincial championship play the stock market keep on fighting until the success of the character portrayal is unyielding courage.
because the elders of the beats, I suffered in life to eat less, more hard-edged, its own way. this character to the stock market, after the market's numerous lessons, little by little, slowly changing, but I own a Time can not detect it.
2001 in the first half of the stock market go very tough, every major market will grind down all thought that the end result and the previous Fan Shen. the one hand, stocks continue to dive the other hand, frequent hot appear very attractive. I know this trick called cold boiled frog, the results will be bad, but still can not control yourself from the stock market.
amount of money I feel like I do not follow the trend is more appropriate than the left one step ahead. not to mention I have the funds distributed unevenly in the top 5-6 stocks, even if the broader market down-turn soon, if not the end of the phenomenon as a continuous fall of 96, I am out at most minor injuries. to look at their strengths and weaknesses after without thinking I began to make a robot, all in accordance with the directives issued trading action.
but the market is difficult to do. the broader market despite constantly high, stock movements are erratic, there are often not enough time to book profits realized , and turn into a loss, minor injuries wounded out of the situation. Over time, I appeared in 17% of the total market value of the loss, I continued to make money in addition to Dongfeng Motor reservations other than the stock all the exit clearance. I find myself trading system is not working, unable to adapt to the new situation, the need to improve.
I started to improve their own trading systems. The work continued intermittently for a year's time, finally gave up. I gave up for three reasons:
I find it hard to begin to grasp the global trading system between the scale and detail issues. to the pursuit of the overall situation is bound to be exact injury, to preserve the overall situation can not be precise and perfect. like the cold at night to the body through the other side thermal heating of the two hedgehogs, too close to the body of the thorn will hurt peers, stay away can not reach the heating purposes. I am more stupid, no good way to get the two into one, had to abandon care of the details of the global .
that period, most like to listen to Teresa Teng street so long; I would like to down the river, to look for her, as if faintly surprised to find her in the center of the water.
to give up the second reason is because the cost to see the Buddha Lee's . determined to see it, the results are halfway. has been to Hainan Publishing House in 2000 bought the .2001, do not know how many times reading this book, and improve the trading system because they can not overcome the difficulties encountered in a bad mood, read this book to gift to a despair. I feel like such Livingston Great for hand ultimately failed, to commit suicide as the final book in the footnotes, the interpretation of the ultimate fate of the speculators. I'm here to stop crunching trading system Scrapped together, and I'm afraid the end result is not bankrupt jump, better than his not much.
then think of Long-Term Capital Management collapse in 98 years to do, which owns the operation of the world's foremost expert Meriwether bonds (known as the Midas touch can be the father of the Wall Street bond arbitrage) and Rosenfeld, has the world first-class research talent, the Nobel laureate in economics, Merton and Schultz (who won the title for option pricing formula), an international public relations on a first-class finance talent Morris (former U.S. Deputy Minister of Finance and Federal Reserve Vice-Chairman), the world's foremost computer programmers, brains, tricks, design the world's foremost securities arbitrage strategies and trading systems, whose own design to the final collapse , escape the fate of failure. I an ordinary little woman, a student was often fail math, and the big man is simply not that big a hero comparable, but also wishful thinking to conquer the world trading system with really frogs, people laugh. After thinking, feeling weak, limited intelligence, trying to improve the trading system better and better too presumptuous. so think about it, a heart will slowly faded.
more The key reason is that as time goes by, I gradually realized that to be the ultimate success in the stock market, the most important thing is to keep yourself balanced, adhere to a correct philosophy, I believe the value of time!
If the stock market is virgin forest, a variety of technical analysis, magic swords and guns in the hands of the software is your club and other weapons of eighteen, obsessed with the illusion of sharp weapons can be out of the vast virgin forest is impossible; you must also understand the use of compass directions If you could not tell the direction, you can never be out of the forest. in the stock market is sure to look at trends, do not understand trends for only a failure; to get out of this piece of virgin forest, based on the clear understanding of the direction you need to find (open) a suitable way to go, so you have to respect the stock market on the basis of trends find their own trading systems. But you have to understand that his aim was to move out of this primitive forest rather than the road! many often on how to build roads, details of how the roads dotted with relish, the ultimate aim against his own forgotten. and some ill-intentioned people who take the opportunity to brag about in the original forest to build a straight, the ground is gold from the broad road paved, netted some like to take advantage of people. Finally, you also have to understand that even if your hands have the Heart of the weapons, a clear understanding of the direction, you can find a way out of the primeval forest, you do not necessarily live to go out. because there are numerous difficulties to be overcome along the way, in the harsh natural environment in the face of raw desire, death threats, faced with a sudden attack of risk, the challenge of physical limits, or even have to face fellow travelers of the plot all the time hh test their wisdom courage, faith will. a lot of people due to its poor quality, pour in the half-way.
in the stock market, and then the right investment strategy and then a sound trading system, eventually need people to practice operation. If the operating system implementation of the strategy of people go astray because of human weakness, failure is inevitable. So LTCM, though they have superior talent, fantastic combination of the team, but because of excessive greed , borrowing too much leverage, and finally fail miserably; so Gann in his , trying to let the market will go with him, rather than wait for the market turnaround naturally. Livingstone finally committed suicide, death in fact bankrupt. causes another reason of his failure is his addition to learning how to make money other than nothing Science.
Throughout the history of the world for hundreds of years of securities, those heroic epic story, have all ended in failure because the final analysis, occurred because of human cognitive bias, desire expansion, loss of balance in an attempt to transcend time, and finally the total A significant difference will be chess, the miscues.
rolling in the Yangtze River eastward, spray depleted hero. success or a failure turned around and empty, Aoyama is still, How Many Suns. chiu islet on the river fishing hair used to look at Spring Moon. pot liquor Happy Encounter, how much money paid for shares things, have to pay jokes ......< br> William. Gann was the great 20th century speculative (investment) home, a young man who in 25 transactions 286 days of speculation, 264 times to make money, losing only 22 times the total profit margin of up to 92.3%. Gann use of astronomy, mathematics, geometry and other aspects of knowledge creation of a unique theory of technical analysis, including the law of vibration, cycle theory, Gann angle lines, Gann square, hexagonal, etc. Gann. his 53 year career on Wall Street, earned five million U.S. dollars last mission accomplished.
Gann experienced a 1929-1933 economic crisis and the Great Depression, World War I and World War II has experienced a series of very turbulent era, here's Road. Jones index is generally between 41 -381 points shocks. because the world political and economic situation worse, the stock market small environment not good (Li Fei Buddha's and the stock market have been profound changes in the environment, Gann has gradually changed from a speculative investor. his life most famous works, is that he wrote in later years, , the Gann stepped down, said: has no sense to me. my income more than my expenses, because ...
after I think I finally mastered the stock market's holy grail. If I can buy on the development of 96,97 to make money are dead rat blind cat encountered luck, after 97 to 99 years in the second half of the first half of this period of time facing the wall hard training I felt has been transformed. I understood the policy, not to master the stock market trends can be compared to the general investors. And, I have my own battle-proven trading system of body, deep technology can prove a successful speculation I am not what, 93 years in the stock market is no longer a smear on the Huangmaoyatou the eyes. After 5,6 years of long and arduous journey, I finally went from the stock market in the stock market entrance hall! I doing it again committed, very proud, wherever the face is an upstart.
I finally all the conditions in the stock market reached the ears of the unit leaders. led to my success in the stock market is interested in While I was on maternity leave, did not work, he called me to go flat, detail in my examination of the situation on the stock market. several times met, he told me the mysterious, the unit has a sum of money to be handed over to I went to play the stock market, and if profits, I can make a profit of 15%; if a loss, I must bear the loss of 15%; if the principal amount of the loss 15%, to end all operations.
; I almost said yes without thinking.
months, long-term upward trend in average display it well, and short-term moving average is also facing Jin Cha, right now is the time to buy stocks! a soft spot for high-tech sector. At that time the network has been very popular, and many listed companies have dug out from the bottom of genealogy and network information for their own related to him. My brother is also a geek, often at home to my tutorial in this area knowledge. But I have no interest in the network, see the United States, Yahoo, Amazon without any results that support the enterprise, the share price will be multiplied exponentially soaring actually, I feel weird. In my mind, but the maturity of the U.S. stock market , standardized representative, did not think once the crazy, the Chinese stock market suddenly pale into insignificance.
I decided to buy a performance of traditional industry support of high-tech stocks. I chose Shenzhen stock market in Zhongguancun. Zhongguancun, the predecessor Joan public source license was suspended because of false accounting over two and a half years, after the reorganization, on July 99 Zhongguancun Science and Technology Development transforming itself into a company limited by shares listed in Shenzhen Stock Exchange. We all agree that it is Space rich. Technology is such deep )...... the reason I buy a lot, and now everything is ready, only a buy signal of the trading system.
only a few days, the Commission issued a notice to allowing state-owned enterprises into the market. heard the news I think God helps me make a fortune simply too. Shanghai and Shenzhen stock market, and Zhongguancun also rose. Although my trading system has not issued buy signals, I can not wait around in the 20 yuan Jiancang third. A week later, Zhongguancun sideways to ignore the broader market adjustment, continue to rise, my trading system is a buy signal, so I bought another in the vicinity of 22 per one-third. Zhongguancun price and volume to co-ordinate well, continue to rise, after a few days more than 23 yuan in my warehouse full price.
I just turned positions, Zhongguancun sideways adjustment began. And I thought the broader market does not appear to be favorable policies to stimulate re-adjustment after the end of the upward move of the trend, on the contrary, the broader market down Powei. I began to feel uneasy, feeling like back in 95 years they misappropriated the money for the development of L when the sister scenarios, but I did not issue a sell signal trading system. is feel or believe that their own trading system? I am very contradictory. Finally, I decided to believe the trading system, after all, is the result of battle-tested trading system, free from emotional disturbance. not to mention the broader market may be doing the bear trap.
But a few days began to drop in Zhongguancun. trading system sends signals to lighten up, and I'll lighten up a third of the 21 yuan. lighten up just ended up in Zhongguancun has stabilized, I did not go catching, after years of exercise, the face I will not be missed impetuous, and I know that the most critical shot after the wrong is to calm down and re-examine the situation, look at their strengths and weaknesses. my hands, two thirds of the chips there should not be anxious, etc. It really break up the position no later than the previous high plus.
after a few days with the broader market fell again in Zhongguancun, trading prompted short positions. fell below its previous low, I did not hesitate to sell all. not only because the transaction must comply with discipline, but also to remedy the situation with my view on the fundamentals of Zhongguancun. a few months ago I found a magazine, Zhongguancun is the main industry, a real estate company, which said it was ; high-tech judged too optimistic. I highly dependent on policy, too obsessed with policy, not taken into account when the policy will have failed. If the policy of the time and location of the introduction of outdated and counterproductive. There is my company's fundamentals too sloppy to understand that if I spend more time viewing it's fundamentals, I would not buy such a pseudo-high-tech company's stock.
I found the cause of the failure, we began to settle down, look in the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock market The new target tracking.
My goal is still locked in the traditional blue-chip high-tech industry, stock body. I bought a lot of securities newspapers and magazines, to collect information on the fundamentals of listed companies and the industry fundamentals of the article, and sorted stored in the folder. At that time the magazine had introduced non-ferrous metals in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock market listed companies feature articles, I also retained, after several years of attention, the second half of 2003 involved non-ferrous metal plate I low Shigekura , profit a lot of money. I Jiancang non-ferrous metal plates and information in the forum, while the analog operation of buying copper are copper, has been quietly holding, unfortunately, and information forum for a variety of reasons investors have not lost patience Note.
me after repeated screening phase of the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock market, a well-recognized high-tech blue-chip electronics Shareholders. Dongfang Electronics fundamentals of good nature I do not have more words, but the key is just like it except I have the right to , deep technology Tianquan market success I did, so the back is a choice whether or East Zhongguancun electronics, my thoughts are �:�«��ư.
from the end of the year has become increasingly closer, I worry that money should lead take it back, asked him to call. Results matter, he said, allow me to continue to use the money. I worry, and began to slowly positions. large amount of funds, until the system is clearly a buy signal then Jiancang No, only one step ahead action.
Jiancang not yet completed, the leadership suddenly called me and said to give the money back. I like being punched severely hit the spot, a half-day wake up to. I just get through a huge staff Dongfang Electronics the impact of market share, its stock price is still low, this time to sell, not only to a loss of money units, according to prior agreement, I have to compensate the total loss of 15%! but I have no way secretly to the leadership of eighteen times on behalf of ancestors do not curse, can only sell shares vomiting blood.
2000 In the first opening, the stock market led to usher in a network of high-tech turmoil. listed OCS busy, whether true or false, as long as the name of James word on the digital or network, the stock will skyrocket. paying the money on my own top of Dongfang Electronics, though not the network concept, whatever the outcome, wearing hats with blue-chip high-tech, the share price from 14 yuan to 45 yuan, but also scenery the last time. and so it fell to 30 yuan from 45 yuan, I sold all. I'll not only make money back to the unit, as well as extra profit.
electronic performance of the East was the truth by the media to expose fraud , although I do buy the shares it has in the past, or be cold sweats! of survival in China's stock market environment is too bad, all kinds of traps clouds, to When the meaning of blindly copying the masters to learn the books of the classic concept of investment, it will only harm to others.
2000 fiscal year is my valet most of the year. because it involves too many people and things, I do not want specific described. I only talk about the results: hard one year, ��:��ˮһ����. Although some successful operations, such as the hot stock market saw my leadership, but also my unit manipulator, when the Internet market has been at low tide, I'll buy units of Dongfeng Motor, May 5 yuan more than the price in, September 7 yuan more than the price of it, and then again in November the price of 7 yuan more than in, the second year in July from 10 yuan in the vicinity ...... but not every transaction can be so successful, because money is others, the failure of fair to very unhappy customers, customers who often do not understand the stock market, he only looked at his short-term account increase and decrease the money to determine my success or failure. is often a normal callback that will make them panic, desperate to call me, I need not stop to explain, and obviously no peace. In order to avoid interference, I unplug the phone line at home, do not deserve the phone. The key is, I am subject to the use of funds time! time to become a straitjacket on my head, so I increased the pressure.
as a unit of Trader's sake, I can do not go to work and receive wages as usual. I got into the big room, but the big room environment, I could not, fresh for a while, I still go back home. I do not like to read the tape during the day to sleep; night we all slept, I was full of energy sitting in the library watching the stock, Ye Youshen general shuttle in the study, living room, kitchen, dining room, between the garden.
the relationship between husband and I are very nervous, my accepted. He felt very foolish I financing agency, I'm ambitious but also so that he can not stand the way. We often quarrel, at daggers drawn.
this life lasted a year, until after the end of 2000, I realized private Province is a dead end, and slowly retreated. fluctuated my own money a year, year-end close to a Red Star. Fortunately, it was in 2000, the overall trend of good, if not I have received fast chips, to continue on behalf of the VIP banking go on, in 2001 - early 2003's bear market, I may be the fourth time bankrupt.
degree of sunset red. hair chiao islet on the river fishing, spring moon used to look. pot liquor Happy Encounter, capital stock (past and present) the number of things, have to pay jokes. .
private is very poor, holding the dubious from a variety of channels (diversion, the case of loans up to) funds to the stock and futures markets fight, with his life and time to race, gamble. but you never not know when the market will be as you expected performance. Typically, the market will not refuse your prayer, but will delay fulfilling it! numerous agencies, brokers, shareholders are therefore fall. First of all their funds improper source, subject to time constraints, they can not control the market followed the trend, the end result of time able to escape punishment, have ended in failure. It is also overcomes.
raised funds, but not much better, Although the bullet raised funds sufficient, without limit of time (relatively speaking), but the raised funds are institutional problems of fatal injuries, personnel changes often make short-sighted bosses, for their own interests when the interests and achievements in office, once the emperor a courtier, is not conducive to the cultivation of the Fund and implement the investment philosophy. not to mention a variety of Rat rampant within the Fund, or and private collaboration in the stock so high when the pick up plate defects.
in the securities industry, the real concept of a master is to rely on winning! whether Buffett, Peter. Lynch, John. Bo Geer, or Soros, and their common feature is the stock market as a testing ground for their ideas, and long-term adherence and, ultimately, Success!
China is not the lack of large institutional investors, but the lack of professional investment institutions. The difference is obvious. The former policy of relying on significant financial and information superiority, the latter need to be professional investment philosophy and approach, and must be several decades of the stick.
China has done the best in professional investment institutions, I personally think that Harry investment. Over the years, they insist the investment philosophy is very successful in the secondary market. their life do share very low-key, from the wrong hero. buy the stock and the price is forgotten by the public at a low bit. After a thorough investigation in detail, once the holder to insist Aoyama do not relax, the stock can not rise unswervingly adhere to a few years and can affect the strength of their own business. until their stocks have a certain increase slowly, they are not greedy, not swagger to themselves one step ahead calmly exit. the one hand, the last paragraph of the most difficult nut to give other agencies to make a fortune, to be a hero, completely avoiding harm to innocent people shipping difficulties, the other funds in hand, can continue to maintain our edge, fame and fortune double income.
Intuit is not who wins it measures, wins have been losers as well. so and skilled persons, invincible, and yet the enemy of the loser. seven feet high over the fence, we need to go around looking for easy to step over the foot high security fence. Or Qilu Petrochemical 2003, Wuhan Iron and Steel shares are cheap early sneak in, and then in the middle of quiet out rally, the final glory and failure to leave to others.
China has done the worst in professional investment organization, I Delong personally think it is. They practice exactly the opposite Harry, and bright, in the end the hero has suffered.
in recent years to jump from behind the front Down brothers everywhere show the great achievements Delong, please books were written Biography story to write about the heroes Delong, gold plated abroad, with the international management consulting firm known cast ogle, and then get QFII holding hands, so that the skin of water ran out of stock analysts Zatanzatan spirit of patriotism and for Delong China's national industry's determination to struggle for life, talk about Deron Department of the few stocks on the secondary market to have investment value, and now the value of million to buy thousands of value ..... show bigger and bigger, do not know can not adhere to the China's stock market completely open day Warren Buffett took large amount of money you can buy an equity line to cheer Delong? or stick to the Chinese stock market that day to be fictitious short their stock?
remember that the Chinese Mu Qizhong richest man is so great cause, for a blow to the Himalayan mountains, one will go to the acquisition of Bank of America, to put a satellite into space for a while and eventually sent to prison himself to sleep. Delong dove drink thirst quencher, not only the hands of individual investors do not want to let go a little silver pieces, it is hoped that through a variety of things to show a variety of units and agencies, including institutions of foreign money sucked into his body, as ; Xixingtaifa method . Results Almost all people are trying to do was come to the same fate. They went bankrupt. sad thing is the world ah.
Deron Williams, all the way.
Valet year in my career reflection and summary of financial management in the end of 2000.
2000 the stock market is the most exciting topic to see 2000 points in 2000; most fascinating topic is to be launched in Shenzhen GEM; the most promising topic of placement of shares traded transfer; the most sensational topic of short-term master stone to open the myth; most exciting topic is the implementation of stock-secured loan programs; the most sensitive The topic of shady fund; topic is the most helpless down and die Zhengbaiwen ......< br> Year after year, end of the piece were hard to loose.
just into the new millennium, the stock analysts who storm .....is not small is good, is good! stock market is a barometer of the national economy, so the stock market should continue to rise, rise. All stock is a good thing, worthy of the major interest groups advocating !When evenly matched with each other, hard to up and down when the retail investors who may be the world. and the flames that burned hand to throw the fireball, so that we catch, and himself out of danger.
remember the time I wrote In a famous article published in the journal of securities. But I am nameless magazine famous, so my article was the old series were large segment deletion. I wrote in the article it all :It can not be optimistic, it can not ignore the cruelty of the adjustment and persistence. late Professor Wu Jinglian, the talk of regulation and activities, manage and only time to escape the majority of individual investors and some institutions making. At this time, not the most difficult to grasp the trend of the broader market and individual stocks, but investors own mind. maintain a normal, proper treatment of adjustment, not impulsive, not luck, remember that cash is king l r, certain things have to have. until the people lost on the stock market patience and confidence in the day, do a warrior, into the battlefield! adjustment comes, it must take a rest.
Since that time, I decided not to write articles to newspapers and magazines published. Diandaqike, people under the eaves, how can we not bow. situation is stronger now than people , untouchables to escape it.
not easy to write articles, write in the article is also easy to exit the stock market closed. not easy to practice what they preach is the article inside and outside, not only said, still do. I myself can not do all of the funds to exit the stock market.
I left some finishing touches financing agency also did not finish projects, especially in units of money, go buy a good Dongfeng Motor, trading system has been prompted shares, I can not because of that . finally decided to follow the trend of the trading system in accordance with the sell signal issued to operate.
My brother saw me feed the dog at home all day doing nothing watching DVDs flowers, give me my offer advice: fun. There are many financial securities of domestic sites, you can publish in the forum post, no one deletion of your post. The most famous adventure about pirates and treasure stories, I feel like a small sea pirates share leader.) began in the major securities removed from the site. was one of my favorite sites to the 0578 Forum in Qinghai to the Securities and know where a few good friends, and later closed when the Qinghai Securities Forum 0578, they became the first islanders to stay Treasure Island. One of them is called Xin Tian's sister, helped me greatly in with her Network access to the day every day, she snow smart, talented, fascinating and charming yet subtle wisdom of life willing to dull me, I finally realized that stock market is doing just live an offshoot of the art, the greatest happiness is to keep his to maintain a balance! Whatever it shares or man, should be so.
elders in my house there are many good people, my parents are intellectuals, in their respective areas of work is an expert authority. I grew up was taught to strive for immoderation ideas, so strong is better, both in the student practicing martial arts school or a school dance after winning the provincial championship play the stock market keep on fighting until the success of the character portrayal is unyielding courage.
because the elders of the beats, I suffered in life to eat less, more hard-edged, its own way. this character to the stock market, after the market's numerous lessons, little by little, slowly changing, but I own a Time can not detect it.
2001 in the first half of the stock market go very tough, every major market will grind down all thought that the end result and the previous Fan Shen. the one hand, stocks continue to dive the other hand, frequent hot appear very attractive. I know this trick called cold boiled frog, the results will be bad, but still can not control yourself from the stock market.
amount of money I feel like I do not follow the trend is more appropriate than the left one step ahead. not to mention I have the funds distributed unevenly in the top 5-6 stocks, even if the broader market down-turn soon, if not the end of the phenomenon as a continuous fall of 96, I am out at most minor injuries. to look at their strengths and weaknesses after without thinking I began to make a robot, all in accordance with the directives issued trading action.
but the market is difficult to do. the broader market despite constantly high, stock movements are erratic, there are often not enough time to book profits realized , and turn into a loss, minor injuries wounded out of the situation. Over time, I appeared in 17% of the total market value of the loss, I continued to make money in addition to Dongfeng Motor reservations other than the stock all the exit clearance. I find myself trading system is not working, unable to adapt to the new situation, the need to improve.
I started to improve their own trading systems. The work continued intermittently for a year's time, finally gave up. I gave up for three reasons:
I find it hard to begin to grasp the global trading system between the scale and detail issues. to the pursuit of the overall situation is bound to be exact injury, to preserve the overall situation can not be precise and perfect. like the cold at night to the body through the other side thermal heating of the two hedgehogs, too close to the body of the thorn will hurt peers, stay away can not reach the heating purposes. I am more stupid, no good way to get the two into one, had to abandon care of the details of the global .
that period, most like to listen to Teresa Teng street so long; I would like to down the river, to look for her, as if faintly surprised to find her in the center of the water.
to give up the second reason is because the cost to see the Buddha Lee's . determined to see it, the results are halfway. has been to Hainan Publishing House in 2000 bought the .2001, do not know how many times reading this book, and improve the trading system because they can not overcome the difficulties encountered in a bad mood, read this book to gift to a despair. I feel like such Livingston Great for hand ultimately failed, to commit suicide as the final book in the footnotes, the interpretation of the ultimate fate of the speculators. I'm here to stop crunching trading system Scrapped together, and I'm afraid the end result is not bankrupt jump, better than his not much.
then think of Long-Term Capital Management collapse in 98 years to do, which owns the operation of the world's foremost expert Meriwether bonds (known as the Midas touch can be the father of the Wall Street bond arbitrage) and Rosenfeld, has the world first-class research talent, the Nobel laureate in economics, Merton and Schultz (who won the title for option pricing formula), an international public relations on a first-class finance talent Morris (former U.S. Deputy Minister of Finance and Federal Reserve Vice-Chairman), the world's foremost computer programmers, brains, tricks, design the world's foremost securities arbitrage strategies and trading systems, whose own design to the final collapse , escape the fate of failure. I an ordinary little woman, a student was often fail math, and the big man is simply not that big a hero comparable, but also wishful thinking to conquer the world trading system with really frogs, people laugh. After thinking, feeling weak, limited intelligence, trying to improve the trading system better and better too presumptuous. so think about it, a heart will slowly faded.
more The key reason is that as time goes by, I gradually realized that to be the ultimate success in the stock market, the most important thing is to keep yourself balanced, adhere to a correct philosophy, I believe the value of time!
If the stock market is virgin forest, a variety of technical analysis, magic swords and guns in the hands of the software is your club and other weapons of eighteen, obsessed with the illusion of sharp weapons can be out of the vast virgin forest is impossible; you must also understand the use of compass directions If you could not tell the direction, you can never be out of the forest. in the stock market is sure to look at trends, do not understand trends for only a failure; to get out of this piece of virgin forest, based on the clear understanding of the direction you need to find (open) a suitable way to go, so you have to respect the stock market on the basis of trends find their own trading systems. But you have to understand that his aim was to move out of this primitive forest rather than the road! many often on how to build roads, details of how the roads dotted with relish, the ultimate aim against his own forgotten. and some ill-intentioned people who take the opportunity to brag about in the original forest to build a straight, the ground is gold from the broad road paved, netted some like to take advantage of people. Finally, you also have to understand that even if your hands have the Heart of the weapons, a clear understanding of the direction, you can find a way out of the primeval forest, you do not necessarily live to go out. because there are numerous difficulties to be overcome along the way, in the harsh natural environment in the face of raw desire, death threats, faced with a sudden attack of risk, the challenge of physical limits, or even have to face fellow travelers of the plot all the time hh test their wisdom courage, faith will. a lot of people due to its poor quality, pour in the half-way.
in the stock market, and then the right investment strategy and then a sound trading system, eventually need people to practice operation. If the operating system implementation of the strategy of people go astray because of human weakness, failure is inevitable. So LTCM, though they have superior talent, fantastic combination of the team, but because of excessive greed , borrowing too much leverage, and finally fail miserably; so Gann in his , trying to let the market will go with him, rather than wait for the market turnaround naturally. Livingstone finally committed suicide, death in fact bankrupt. causes another reason of his failure is his addition to learning how to make money other than nothing Science.
Throughout the history of the world for hundreds of years of securities, those heroic epic story, have all ended in failure because the final analysis, occurred because of human cognitive bias, desire expansion, loss of balance in an attempt to transcend time, and finally the total A significant difference will be chess, the miscues.
rolling in the Yangtze River eastward, spray depleted hero. success or a failure turned around and empty, Aoyama is still, How Many Suns. chiu islet on the river fishing hair used to look at Spring Moon. pot liquor Happy Encounter, how much money paid for shares things, have to pay jokes ......< br> William. Gann was the great 20th century speculative (investment) home, a young man who in 25 transactions 286 days of speculation, 264 times to make money, losing only 22 times the total profit margin of up to 92.3%. Gann use of astronomy, mathematics, geometry and other aspects of knowledge creation of a unique theory of technical analysis, including the law of vibration, cycle theory, Gann angle lines, Gann square, hexagonal, etc. Gann. his 53 year career on Wall Street, earned five million U.S. dollars last mission accomplished.
Gann experienced a 1929-1933 economic crisis and the Great Depression, World War I and World War II has experienced a series of very turbulent era, here's Road. Jones index is generally between 41 -381 points shocks. because the world political and economic situation worse, the stock market small environment not good (Li Fei Buddha's and the stock market have been profound changes in the environment, Gann has gradually changed from a speculative investor. his life most famous works, is that he wrote in later years, , the Gann stepped down, said: has no sense to me. my income more than my expenses, because ...
Subscribe to:
Comments (Atom)